Childhood Sexual Abuse and Eating Disorders Essay -- Psychology Health

Childhood Sexual Abuse and Eating Disorders Recently, a great amount of psychological literature has focused on finding biological and genetic causes of mental illnesses and disorders, including eating disorders. However, according to recent twin studies, the heritability component of eating disorders may entirely account for 0% to 70% of the variance (Fairburn, Cowen, & Harrison, 1999). The leaves an ample amount of room for speculation of possible environmental risk factors for eating disorders. In this paper, I handle to examine one possible environmental risk that has received attention since the mid-80s. Since that time, researchers have searched to determine the relationship between childhood sexual abuse, or combat injury in general, and the development of eating disorders. It seems somewhat logical to assume that a person who has experienced sexual injury might develop feelings of dissatisfaction as intumesce as disgust with their own bodythe medium of abuse. Also, one might even attribute the anti-pubertal effects achieved through self-starvation as a suppression of sexual practice that may be desired by a survivor of sexual abuse. These hypotheses, as vigorous as connections observed between sexual abuse and posttraumatic stress disorder and also between anxiety disorders (of which posttraumatic stress disorder is one) and eating disorders led many researchers to study this relationship. However, the large body of the studies contradict each others findings. legion(predicate) studies have found no evidence of a relationship between sexual abuse and eating disorders and others have found evidence. In this paper, I would deficiency well to examine the results of studies that have been aimed at answering the question, Is childhood sexual abuse a risk factor for eating disorders? Literature Re... ... of Childhood Sexual or Physical Abuse in Japanese Patients with Eating Disorders Relationship with Dissociation and Impulsive Behavior s. Psychological Medicine, 29(4), 935-942. Pope HG, & Hudson JI (1992). Is childhood sexual abuse a risk factor for bulimia nervosa? American Journal of Psychiatry, 149, 455-463. Pope HG, Mangweith B, Negrao AB, Hudson JI, & Cordas TA (1994). Childhood sexual abuse and bulimia nervosa A comparison of American, Austrian, and Brazilian women. American Journal of Psychiatry, 151, 732-737. Rorty M, Yager J, & Rossotto E (1994). Childhood sexual, physical, and psychological abuse in bulimia nervosa. American Journal of Psychiatry, 151, 1122-1126. Wonderlich SA, Donaldson MA, Carson DK, Staton D, Gertz L, Leach L, & Johnson M (1996). Eating Disturbance and Incest. Journal of social Violence, 11, 195-207. Childhood Sexual Abuse and Eating Disorders Essay -- Psychology HealthChildhood Sexual Abuse and Eating Disorders Recently, a great amount of psychological literature has focused on finding biological and genetic causes of mental illnesses and disorders, includ ing eating disorders. However, according to recent twin studies, the heritability component of eating disorders may only when account for 0% to 70% of the variance (Fairburn, Cowen, & Harrison, 1999). The leaves an ample amount of room for speculation of possible environmental risk factors for eating disorders. In this paper, I wish to examine one possible environmental risk that has received attention since the mid-80s. Since that time, researchers have searched to determine the relationship between childhood sexual abuse, or trauma in general, and the development of eating disorders. It seems somewhat logical to assume that a person who has experienced sexual trauma might develop feelings of dissatisfaction as well as disgust with their own bodythe medium of abuse. Also, one might even attribute the anti-pubertal effects achieved through self-starvation as a suppression of sexuality that may be desired by a survivor of sexual abuse. These hypotheses, as well as connection s observed between sexual abuse and PTSD and also between anxiety disorders (of which PTSD is one) and eating disorders led many researchers to study this relationship. However, the large body of the studies contradict each others findings. many a(prenominal) studies have found no evidence of a relationship between sexual abuse and eating disorders and others have found evidence. In this paper, I would similar to examine the results of studies that have been aimed at answering the question, Is childhood sexual abuse a risk factor for eating disorders? Literature Re... ... of Childhood Sexual or Physical Abuse in Japanese Patients with Eating Disorders Relationship with Dissociation and Impulsive Behaviors. Psychological Medicine, 29(4), 935-942. Pope HG, & Hudson JI (1992). Is childhood sexual abuse a risk factor for bulimia nervosa? American Journal of Psychiatry, 149, 455-463. Pope HG, Mangweith B, Negrao AB, Hudson JI, & Cordas TA (1994). Childhood sexual abuse and buli mia nervosa A comparison of American, Austrian, and Brazilian women. American Journal of Psychiatry, 151, 732-737. Rorty M, Yager J, & Rossotto E (1994). Childhood sexual, physical, and psychological abuse in bulimia nervosa. American Journal of Psychiatry, 151, 1122-1126. Wonderlich SA, Donaldson MA, Carson DK, Staton D, Gertz L, Leach L, & Johnson M (1996). Eating Disturbance and Incest. Journal of social Violence, 11, 195-207.

Does Utopia describe an ideal society? Essay -- English Literature

Does Utopia describe an ideal society?Thomas More was born in London in 1477. More had an extensiveeducation and rose quickly through the Government hierarchy andattained high office. In May 1515 he was appointed to a delegation tohelp revise an Anglo-Flemish commercial treaty. During this time hebegan writing Utopia and completed it upon his return to London.Utopia was first published in Latin, at Louvain in declination 1516. Moreadded Utopia just before the outbreak of the reformation, during atime when the stresses and corruption that led to the reformation wererapidly increasing towards conflict.Utopia itself depicts what its narrator Hythloday, claimed to be anideal society. The have got became a huge success and founded a literarytradition known as the utopian novel. This tradition is an authorsattempt to describe a everlasting(a) and ideal society.The book is in two parts, and it is believed that the first waswritten last and the second was written first. The first book (bo ok 1)is presented as an introduction to book 2 as well as providingcommentary to it. It is also viewed by many that the first book waslikely to have been written in two parts, firstly, to before longintroduce the characters particularly the narrator Hythloday. Withthe second part being of Hythloday giving an extended speech on anumber of subjects with some being of a major interest to More theauthor.Book one starts off as a discussion between More, Hythloday and PeterGiles. At first the discussion is precise relaxed, starting off in achurch, then continuing into a garden and also at a friends dinner besides soon becoming more and more intense as they enter into debatessuch as practical politics and the problem of th... ...cterHythloday translates into expert in furbelow. Showing that overall,More may not have perceived Utopia a society of idealism andperfection, but it would seem that many of Utopias policies offercriticisms and resolutions to the problems he saw in Europe at th etime, and so it is vital to see that this book is a response to aspecific historical period.BibliographyLogan, G, M., Adams, R, M. (1997). Utopia. London CambridgeUniversity Press.Skinner, Q. (1978). The foundations of fresh political thought TheRenaissance V.1. London Cambridge University Press.More, T., Turner, P (editor). Utopia (2003). London Penguin Booksltd.Solomon, R, C., Higgins, K, M., (1996). A short history of Philosophy.Oxford Oxford University Press.- Thomas More/Utopia Websiteswww.d-holliday.com/tmore/bio/htmlwww.utoronto.ca/links.html

Clothes at School Essay -- essays research papers

In a 1969 Supreme Court case, Tinker vs. Des Moines, a controversy was started over students wearing black armbands to protest American affaire in the Vietnam War. From this case, and many others like it multiple school boards believe that with uniforms or stricter dress codes, the students will choose better learning environments. Many schools now pass strict dress code standards, or school uniforms, because of the cases. Moreover, the students believe they already are not being allowed to express themselves and strict school dress codes and uniforms would not allow the students to do so. One of the things I believe a big deal in schools are uniforms. I soulfulnessally am against uniforms at school. A reason as to why I feel this way is because they dont allow people to be different, or express themselves. With uniforms a person is dull and exactly the same as the next. While it may be true that certain elements like hair color and gender make them different, its supposed to be more than just that clothes and not uniforms are suppose to help a student be this unique person. In the US, students have a right to a free and public education. With out depending on whether the student chooses to wear a uniform or not. Have you ever observe the person way in the back of class thats wearing expensive clothes, and ponder is he/she like the persona of the clothes he/shes wearing outside of school? Well I have, and stereotyping really comes out best in what a person wears. Yo...

The Role of Music in Thomas Hardys Writing :: Biography Biographies Essays

The Role of Music in Thomas Hardys WritingMusic played a role of mark importance in the life of Thomas Hardy. Hardy was surrounded by a family and a community in which music enhanced everything from church run to social gatherings at the local alehouse. His family was full of active musicians his father and grandfather were instrumentalists in local church bands, his uncle was a violin player, and his mother often sing traditional ballads. Like many village musicians, Hardy had the ability to read music and play the violin. Although he owned a written collection of music, Hardy, give care other villagers, focused on an oral musical tradition. Hardy could play several hundred songs on the violin, and was exposed to countless others at family, village, and church gatherings. This music, and the sylvan tradition out of which it grew, were foundations on which Hardy built a literary identity. Through the incorporation of music into his works, Hardy strove to preserve the musical tra ditions of his familiar sylvan settings. In his prose, Hardy used music as a means to evoke emotional responses from his characters. The introduction of music into a lush, fertile nature, such as that described in chapter XIX of Tess of the dUrbervilles, resulted in a heightened sensuality of the character. As Tess walked through the outskirts of the garden, the music of Angels harp intensified both her physical and emotional states. In chapter VI of Far From the Madding Crowd, Gabriel Oak sought respite from his sorrow through the sound of the well-known notes that cheered his own heart.(Hardy) By playing his flute in the malthouse, Gabriel divided up his joy in music with the townspeople. Hardy incorporated a traditional piece of rural life into his novels using kinsfolk songs and church music. He presented folk music in Tess of the dUrbervilles as a symbolic link between Tesss past and her present circumstances. Tess is reminded of a lullaby sung to her as a baby as she is try ing on her wedding gown. At that point she realizes the significance of the familiar tune with the current events in her life. In Under the Greenwood Tree, Hardy relied on traditional church hymns to develop the Christmas caroling scene with the Mellstock Church Choir. The tradition of caroling in these rural societies exemplifies the role of church music in the lives of the unsophisticated people. Hardy extensively used music in both the structural composition and thematic development of his poetry.

Reciprocity In All Its Forms Essay -- Essays Papers

Reciprocity In All Its Forms Reciprocity is symbolic of creating, maintaining, or strengthening social relationships as well as strong the material needs and wants of someone in need. It refers to the exchange of objects without the use of money or other media of exchange. It dejection take the form of sharing, hospitality, gifts, or bartering. Anthropologists identify deuce-ace forms of reciprocity. One form is generalized reciprocity, which is the giving of goods without expectation of a return of equal value at any definite future time. Generalized reciprocity occurs mainly mingled with individuals who are emotionally attached to one another and have a responsibility to help one another on the hind end of need. In the United States, parents who provide their children with shelter, food, vehicles, college educations, and interest-free loans are practicing generalized reciprocity. Giving without the expectation of a quick and equivalent return should also occur between origin al other kinds of social relations, such as wives and husbands, siblings, and sometimes close friends. Among certain groups of people more goods are exchange using this form than any other. For example, some members of small hunting and gathering groups are pass judgment to share food and be generous with their possessions. Generalized reciprocity happens in all human populations and is the ascendant mode of exchange in very small groups in which all or most members are relatives. Another form is balanced reciprocity, in which the products exchanged are expected to have roughly equal value. Moreover, another characteristic is that there is no bargaining between the parties. The return may be expected immediately, or whenever the giver demands it, or by some specified... ... reciprocity into another can be used as a way of changing the record of a social relationship. Because the form of reciprocity practiced between two individuals is related to the degree of social distance be tween them, the social distance can be decreased or increased by one party initiating a new form of exchange. For example, someone can draw another person closer by tentatively initiating a relationship of balanced reciprocity. In conclusion, forms of reciprocity tend to be associated with types of social relations, so the reciprocity practiced between people changes as their relationship changes. People can use reciprocity to achieve social goals. For example, people can send positive or ostracise messages by either reciprocating or refusing to reciprocate gifts or invitations. Lastly, reciprocity can be used as a way of shortening or extension social distance.

Reciprocity In All Its Forms Essay -- Essays Papers

Reciprocity In All Its Forms Reciprocity is symbolic of creating, maintaining, or strengthening social relationships as well as conform to the material needs and wants of someone in need. It refers to the exchange of objects without the use of money or other media of exchange. It wad take the form of sharing, hospitality, gifts, or bartering. Anthropologists identify trey forms of reciprocity. One form is generalized reciprocity, which is the giving of goods without expectation of a return of equal value at any definite future time. Generalized reciprocity occurs mainly mingled with individuals who are emotionally attached to one another and have a responsibility to help one another on the theme of need. In the United States, parents who provide their children with shelter, food, vehicles, college educations, and interest-free loans are practicing generalized reciprocity. Giving without the expectation of a quick and equivalent return should also occur between trusted other ki nds of social relations, such as wives and husbands, siblings, and sometimes close friends. Among certain groups of people more goods are exchange using this form than any other. For example, around members of small hunting and gathering groups are expect to share food and be generous with their possessions. Generalized reciprocity happens in all human populations and is the governing mode of exchange in very small groups in which all or most members are relatives. Another form is balanced reciprocity, in which the products exchanged are expected to have roughly equal value. Moreover, another characteristic is that there is no bargaining between the parties. The return may be expected immediately, or whenever the giver demands it, or by some specified... ... reciprocity into another can be used as a way of changing the temperament of a social relationship. Because the form of reciprocity practiced between two individuals is related to the degree of social distance between them, the social distance can be decreased or increased by one party initiating a new form of exchange. For example, someone can draw another soulfulness closer by tentatively initiating a relationship of balanced reciprocity. In conclusion, forms of reciprocity tend to be associated with types of social relations, so the reciprocity practiced between people changes as their relationship changes. People can use reciprocity to achieve social goals. For example, people can send positive or ostracise messages by either reciprocating or refusing to reciprocate gifts or invitations. Lastly, reciprocity can be used as a way of shortening or prolongation social distance.

Padre Island

Jose Esquivel Professor Matthew Mayo English 1301 12 December 2012 founder Island To catch a glimpse of the color wheel of flowers that is blossoming in the cool, brisk wind with the essences of newfangledness in the air. This can mean one thing, that spring has arrived and it is now that times to take the long awaited getaway to an island of play in the sun. A place where memories are do, and worries are forgotten, the magnificent sky pilot Island. padre Island extends roughly 130 miles along the S kayoedh Texas coast from Corpus Christi to way Isabel, and has seen its share of Indians, pirates, hurricanes and many shipwrecks.You might hurl heard of S unwraph Padre Island or perhaps heard of Padre Island, but who is the Padre, and what connection does he have with the island? Padre Island got its name from Jose Nicolas Balli a Catholic priest from Spain who owned it for n archaeozoic thirty years. Padre is a word defined as a handed-down form of address for Catholic priests . After being granted the island by King Carlos III Padre Balli established a ranch on this island facelift over one thousand longhorn cattle, horses mules and sheep with his nephew Juan Jose Balli as foreman by his side.Aside from ranch raising Padre Balli also established cathedrals and missions to Christianize the Karankawa Indians and to serve the heap who worked on the ranch. In 1821 Mexico won their Independence from Spain. During the revolution all of Padre Ballis letters and exclusive right documents that gave him title to the island were lost or destroyed. Therefore, Padre Balli had to reapply this time to the Mexican government to confirm the titles of the island to him, only now he names his nephew Juan Jose Balli as partner. His request was granted December 1829.However, Padre Balli had died on April 15, 1829, octad months before his petition was approved due to a rupture cerebral artery. His nephew Juan Jose Balli continued to operate the ranch with his family. The s aga started around 1938 when Gilbert Kerlin a graduate fresh out of Harvard law school was given a task that would change the style of write up for the Ballis. Mr. Kerlin arrived in South Texas with the instruction from his uncle, Frederic Gilbert, to purchase the barren stretchiness of sand that has since become a popular Texas beach Resort.It was then, when Mr. Kerlin received a tip that it may be possible to purchase the land from the Ballis. He came crossways an individual by the name of Primotivo Balli who did not speak any English but was paid $750 to sketch out a family tree and to assist in rounding up the signatures of the island heirs. It was called to mind that the Padre Island heirs carefully copied down their addresses, and waited for a check that they were promised. In doing so Mr.Kerlin promised that he will give the Ballis funds from all the royalties and minerals that is hiding beneath the island, but Kerlin never handed the money over nor was he ever seen agai n by the Ballis. Meanwhile, Kerlin leased drilling rights to Padre Island and change its sandy surface to developers. While Mr. Kerlin was earning millions the Ballis struggled to make ends meet. Kerlin walked away with 61,000 acres and the Laguna Madre which is a band of water between the island and the mainland. For many decades the Ballis have tried to get back what was rightfully theirs to begin with.Kerlin never came through on his promise to the Ballis. The Ballis have their theories as to why so many different lawyers all of the sudden would stop representing them. The Ballis believe that Kerlin would pay the lawyers off so a tribulation would not take place. Of course there was no proof of this, however, it was always very coincidental how the lawyers would back out and not represent the Ballis as it would get closer to trial time. Finally, in 1983 a San Francisco attorney Melvin Belli told Fred Balli of Ponca City, Okla. hat he was very interested in the case and wants to send them documents related to their claim. It is now year 2000 and descendants of the early owners of Padre Island gathered in the courtroom waiting for justice to be served. This long awaited lawsuit will determine whether or not they were scammed out of their land and riches. When Gilber kerlin now a 90-year-old retired lawyer took the stand he defended his decision not to give the Balli heirs any shares of the mineral royalties after his 1938 purchase. Kerlin stated on the stand, The Ballis did not own Padre Island when they sold it. Kerlin was speaking of when Santiago Morales bought the land form Juan Jose Balli, but what Kerlin did not know is that Morales suffered from buyers remorse and sold the land back to Juan Jose Balli, and there is documentation that can prove this fact. After many days of deliberation the jurors a fightded the heirs $1. 2 million in lost proportion and oil royalties. The juror also found that Kerlin owes decades worth of income to about 300 Balli d escendants for fraud and conspiracy. The battle is won but the war has just begun.Even though the jurys verdict was in favor for the Ballis this is just the first step in the final process of fetching a lawsuit. Kerlin can very well appeal the decision and ony until that solution is exhausted nothing will be paid out to the family. After sweet the decision in 2000 now it is five years later, and the time limitation of an appeal is over. It seems like a deja vu back in the Brownsville courtroom waiting for the jurors to discontinue their decision. Waiting anxiously, in the courtroom filled with over 300 descendents of Padre Nicolas Balli.The Texas appeals court has upheld a decision to award mineral royalties from land on Padre Island to the balli heir compensation exceeding $50 million. At first glance it seemed that this battle to get the land back was unwinnable, but as the truth comes out the Baliis won the war by simply out gunning their enemy with evidence proving that the Ba llis are the rightful owners to Padre Island. Throughout the trials and tribulations history had been made and the Ballis were very happy that the courts had ruled in their favor.The Ballis knew all along what the truth was and was glad others saw it too. This popular vacation spot has so much history behind it that no one ever thinks about what this island was really meant for or what went someone went through to get back what was taken from them. It is an approve to have met and known my wifes grandfather Fred Balli the sixth extension Balli and was the last living heir of Padre Island. It is a privilege to know primary the Balli family and share in their successes with the sixty five year trial that was long overdue.My wifes family is Balli and to hear the stories about Padre Island from Trudy Balli Morin a seventh generation Balli and the daughter of Fred Balli that at one point was a paradise lost, but then returned to its rightful owners is unbelievable. I leave you with th is the ending of the chant that made history possible. Across the valley, and across the sea, the bells will ring, Viva Balli Work cited Balli, Cecilia. Return to Padre. Texas Monthly Jan. 2001 99+. Web Balli Morin Trudy Who is Padre Balli and What Connection Does He Have with you? Personal interview. 28 Nov. 2012 .

The Price of Indebtedness in May-Lee Chai’s Saving Sourdi

Whether stabbing a man with a paring knife or getting a friend to punch her childs husband in the face, Nea constantly manages to start trouble for her and her sister, Sourdi. She doesnt do it on purpose, its just that Nea willing do anything to protect her older sister. The issue stems from when the family drop deadd in their native Cambodia Nea was only four and Sourdi carried her across a mine field on her back. Ever since that moment, Nea has felt indebted to her older sister and has been determined to protect her at every(prenominal) costs. However, the costs seem to be steep as her identity has become tied to this notion of debt.In May-Lee Chais Saving Sourdi, Neas identity is shaped by her feeling of indebtedness to her sister Sourdi, which compromises her ability to move around and objectively see the world. The cause behind the accounts central conflict lies in Neas devotion to Sourdi, which in whirl was caused by a distant memory. Once upon a time, Nea recalls, So urdi had walked across a minefield, carrying me on her back (Chai 140). With the terrible war background on the Khmer Rouge-era in Cambodia as an exposition, Nea recalls her sister Sourdi carrying her across a field by stepping on countless dead bodies to avoid the mines.This is something that Nea views as secret between just her and her sister, one she will never reveal to another soul. It is because of this sensation incident that Nea vows to walk on bones and rotting flesh to save Sourdi, which itself foreshadows events to come (Chai 140). It is this event that defines Nea and motivates her actions throughout the story. It is because Neas identity is derived from this debt to her older sister that causes Nea to respond in such a haphazard manner.Not only do her responses create tension in the story, but they further develop Nea as a caseful. I would walk on bones for my sister, I vowed. I would put my bare feet on rotting flesh. I would save Sourdi(Chai 140). These words were s poken by Nea afterward Sourdi sacrificed herself to carry Nea through a treacherous mine field reeking with the stench of dead bodies. Only a few people in the story know about this incident it is a highly guarded secret of Neas. This single incident defines Neas identity through out the story, which clarifies Nea as a smooth character her identity never changes.From the time when these two young girls reached America Nea always has Sourdis back, she is overly protective like that of an older sister which is ironic because she is the youngest daughter. Nea will always feel like her life was saved by Sourdi so she will do anything to repay her. Sourdi develops throughout the novel at first by being very brave, strong, and independent as she carriers her baby sister across of the mine field. It is almost as if that identity transferred from her to her younger sister Nea.Sourdi does not babble out up for herself when she disagrees with her mother or Duke. She does not even try to pu t up a fight when her mother arranges her marriage. This classifies Sourdi as a very dyanmic character or round character. As a result of this, Nea has never really lived her life for herself. Everything that she has done and the decisions that she makes are based upon the events that occur in Sourdis life. This in turn leads to Neas inability to grow, because she is constantly caring and looking after her sister, instead of worrying about herself and moving on with her own life.Because of these events Sourdi can be labeled as the foil to Neas charater in this story. Just like the examples that were given earlier, when Nea jumped up and stabbed the man that was hassling Sourdi at the eating place, or when she and Duke went knocking on Sourdis door because they thought she was in trouble, all of the actions that Nea took were always a reflection of the situation that Sourdi was in at that present moment. One of the major effects of Neas identity being tied to her indebtedness to her sister is that it clouds her ability to be objective.This leads her to make spur-of-the-moment decisions that may not be in her or Sourdis best intertest. One example took place in the family restaurant at the beginning of the story. Sourdi was serving some old drunk men when one decided to put his arms around her. This immediately sent Nea into a ruse rage in which she ran into the kitchen, grabbed the knife, and stabbed the man (Chai 131). Luckily, the knife she had grabbed was only a paring knife and it got caught in the mans sleeve of his jacket.Obviously, the girls mother became quite derangement and apologized to the men while scolding Nea. Nea, overcome with anger, had not stopped to consider the consequences of her actions. Had she actually injured the man, he could have got sued the restaurant and Nea could have faced twist charges. Obviously, this was not the best way to handle the incident. This is again illustrated when Nea overhears a conversation between Sourdi an d her mother. She becomes convinced that Sourdis new husband is abusive and convinces their mutual friend Duke to shoot for her to Sourdis house in Des Moines.Upon their arrival, Duke, having only heard Neas interpretation of events, ran inside and punched Sourdis husband in the nose (Chai 142). Sourdis husband was surprisingly understanding about the point and another disaster was narrowly avoided. However, the event still must have had a profound effect on Sourdi and her husbands home life. Again, it was Neas impetuous attitude and blind calling to protect her sister that led to the encounter. Ever since Sourdi carried Nea through that minefield on her back, Nea has been trying to find a way to repay her sisters kindness.However, as the years have passed, the protection of Sourdi has become a compulsion. She is consumed with her desire to protect her sister from harm without regard for the consequences. This has clouded Neas judgement and hindered her ability to objectively look at a situation. And, consequentially, her solution often causes more harm than the percieved threat she is fighting. Unless Nea can somehow overcome her need to protect her sister, she will never be able to live a normal and happy life. Maybe Sourdi is not the one who needs saving.

How does Shakespeare Create Atmosphere Essay

William Shakespe atomic number 18 creates atmosphere in this movie by using a number of potent techniques, in this essay I will be discussing how these techniques create such a tense and suspenseful atmosphere that truly captures and engages the Elizabethan hearing. Firstly, Shakespeare uses dramatic badinage in this scene by the entrance of Romeo, the audience are aware that he has just came from marrying Juliet, however the characters on stage are not. The fact that the characters are unaware of this information has a strong influence over their serves that would be assorted if they knew the truth. This thought will raise the tension in the audience. Another instance of dramatic irony being used in this scene is when Romeo tries to explain to tybalt that he loves him and wants to make peace, But love thee better than thou canst devise , boulder clay thou shalt know the reason of my love. Here the audience understand why Romeo loves Tybalt because he has just married his cous in, however Tybalt thinks Romeo is being sarcastic and this angers him further, while Mercutio perceives Romeos spoken communication as giving into tybalt and not defending the family name, he finds this disgusting. O calm, dishonourable, vile submissionShakespeare shows how words can be interpreted in many different ways, another clever device. Dramatic irony is in like manner used when Tybalt says Here comes my man, as Romeo enters, this reveals that Tybalt has no interest in conflicting with Mercutio, he is here to converge his revenge against Romeo for crashing the p contrivancey. The audience realise this because they have heard Tybalt plan his revenge in Act 1 scene 5, Now have the appearance _or_ semblanceing sweet, convert to bittrest gall. As the characters on stage do not know of this plan, the dramatic tension is increased. Secondly, Shakespeare emphasises the contrasting themes of this play to create atmosphere within this scene the first example is the stark contra st between the calm and loving cool night setting and the tense, violent, stifling hot setting of this scene. The sharp substitute of setting would automatically create a sense of un authoritativety and give the play more suspense and the audience have now witnessed that the play could intertwine unexpectedly. The main themes of the play, love and hate, contrast heavily in this scene. We witness Romeo tenderly approach Tybalt with love and peace And so, good Capulet, which name I tender as dearly as mine own, be satisfied.Theharshly contrasting words of Tybalt help to emphasise how deep the feud is between the two families Thou art a villain. Romeo enters the scene in a bubble of bliss and new love for his bride only when he flees the scene after slaying Tybalt in a state of blind furious revenge. As Mercutio dies, Romeo blames his love for Juliet for making him weak and unable to save his friend.Thy beauty hath made me effeminate, this reflects the view of women at the time, as Elizabethans believed that if a man was as well much in love this made him weak. The importance of maleness in those times is also shown in Mercutios disgust when Romeo refuses Tybalts challenge for a duel- a traditional masculine act of protection and defence of nobility. This would create atmosphere as masculinity and femininity are another contrasting theme. Shakespeare uses the role of fate to create atmosphere throughout the play, it appears as fate has choreographed the events to happen in a certain way to result in the tragic end to Romeos and Juliets love story. Romeo mentions fate and fortune frequently he seems have trust in it and hopes he will be guided into something good. But he hath the steerage of my course direct my sailAfter Mercutios death Romeo refers to the incident as This days black fate. Again the belief that this greater power has control over the sequence of events is presented to the audience. If fate is this ruthless who will be its next victim? This que stion of the audience will contribute to the suspenseful atmosphere. Fate is personified when Romeo cries after slaying Tybalt O, I am fortunes fool. This shows that Romeo feels that fortune is playing approximately with his life and he has no control over his actions and choices, I think Romeos belief in fortune relates to how his character is revealed in this scene. Relating to fate, some of the characters seem to have premonitions of the future, Romeo feels that there will be more trouble to come This days black fate on Moe days doth depend. This gives an eerie hint to the audience on the black fate that will strike Romeo and his Juliet. Benvolio at the beginning of the scene can sense that trouble will start because of the heat and suggests to Mercutio that they recall And if we meet we shall not scape a brawl, for now these hot days, is the mad blood stirring.The reference to mad blood hints of the blood that is shed in a Romeos mad frenzy of violence, and gives the audience the effective image of the heat and anger boiling Romeos blood. Finally, fate seems to find a voice in dyingMercutio who claims A plague a both your houses which ominously forecasts the plague of death which strikes the lovers at the end of the play. Atmosphere is visually created by the quick and action packed fight scene, two lives are lost in a relatively short time this would have been genuinely dramatic and emotional too watch, having a dazed effect on the audience. The fight scene would have presented Tybalts swords skills and Romeos furious passion, showing that the battle could go either way, creating a very excited but suspenseful atmosphere. One of the main contributions to the atmosphere is Shakespeares choice and style of language we must remember that Elizabethans went to hear a play and how effective the language was had a key role in gaining their support of the play.Shakespeare uses rhyming couplets to creative an effective atmosphere, when lady Capulet discovers th at Romeo has killed tybalt she says I beg for judge which thou, Prince, must give Romeo slew Tybalt, Romeo must not live. This is effective because rhyming couplets conclude a thought and seal it as definite this foreshadows the future as Romeo does not live, as a result of sidesplitting tybalt, because if not for this action the next sequence of events leading to his death wouldnt have occurred. Atmosphere is also created by Mercutios style of lines, Mercutio speaks in prose a line that is usually given to a common or small character, but Mercutio is a gentlemen from a wealthy background therefore he is not using prose to reflect his social class, but to reflect a negative and lowly view of a subject. In this case Mercutio describes Benvolios temper Thy head is as full of quarrels is and egg is full of meat.The audience will realise that it is not the peacemaker Benvolio Mercutio is describing, but that he is describing his own troublemaking characteristics. Talking in prose show s that he feels this lowly and shameful part of his characteristics. Wordplay was another technique used to create atmosphere that was very popular with the Elizabethans, Shakespeare inputs this in Romeos response to Tybalts challenge as Romeo answers changing the words only slightly. The love I bear thee Romeo responds with the reason that I have to love thee, while Thou art a villain becomes villain am I none. Boy, this shall not excuse the injuries is met with I do protest I never injured thee. Finally the direct challenge Therefore turn and draw is countered with And sobe satisfied. The revelation of characters in this scene is a oneof the aspects of the atmosphere created, firstly Romeo reveals his impulsive and irrational nature when he chooses to avenge over a friends death rather than shipshape Juliet the loss of losing him and her cousin.It is also revealed that Romeo is very immature and cannot handle the concept of taking responsibility, only has he just been married and he blames Juliet for his weakness causing Mercutios death, linking back to his quote on fortune, Romeo seems to think he cant control anything and that it is all fates fault. Never once does he admit his mistake in killing Tybalt, instead he says fortune is controlling him for fun O, I am fortunes fool. He also personifies fury as if it is not his own actions but as if they are being controlled by fury. And fire-eyed fury be my conduct now In conclusion all of these techniques I have discussed, tie together a fantastic knot of suspenseful and captivating atmosphere, that advances the plot and provides the first exciting twist of the play.

Thorn Queen Chapter Three

Once I stopped hyperventilating from completely in all the attention on me, I immediately realized Nia had been right close to the dress.Like always, the gentry dressed same that they were release to a Renaissance Faire that served ecstasy. Satin, velvet, silk. Even a lightedtle leather here and there. Lots of jewelry, lots of skin. The appear array dazzled the eye, the colors shining, rich, and vivid.I wore a sundress pie-eyedt to confine sort of a vintage formulation. Made of tan gauze scattered with a forge of tiny yellow flowers, it had an empire waist and a clingy little skirt that went to my knees. The straps tied behind my neck, and most of my back stayed b be, all the better to show mangle my tattoos a charrs face within a full moon on my neck and a line of violets on my lower back. The dresss color looked great with the dusky, gay auburn of my cop.Unfortunately, age the shabby-chic peasant look might be expensive and very such(prenominal) in vogue in the hu man world, dressing like a peasant in a place resembling the set from an epic medieval movie made you look like, well, a peasant.Oh my God, I hissed to Shaya as we walked d iodine the room. I look completely surface of place.Be quiet, she snapped, in a rare display of the consternation she probably actually always held virtually me. You are poof of the Thorn Land. You destroyed wiz of the shining wizards most powerful kings. You spend a penny the right to wear whatever you want, so act like it.I swallowed my retort and believed she and her tough love were right. As it was, I had to resist the urge to cling to her yield like a child. That inept social upbringing of exploit made navigating this kind of attention painful. Shaya had promised to stay by my side and en authorized my etiquette, though that had allayed my fears only marginally. With a great force of ordain, I tried to represent her advice and look haughty and unconcerned by my appearance.You must go to Maiwenn first, she murmured, and then most of them ordain take place to you for introductions. Youve been a great source of curiosity, and this is your first universe appearance since taking the cr hold.Got it. Maiwenn first.The Willow Queen appeared to be surrounded by a throng of people. We masterminded toward them. On the way, I received an assortment of nods, curtsies, and bows. The room held a handful of monarchs, my peers, that every some opposite noble held a rank lower than exploit. A few of those we passed offered greeting. I suspected I might have met them at a thump Id attended last spring. most(prenominal) simply gave me polite murmurings of Your majesty.We reached Maiwenns circle of admirers. I meant to hoer on the edges, but the people part for us, soon giving Shaya and me a front-row view.Maiwenn sat in an ornately carved wooden throne, its whirling designs accented here and there with gold. She herself was golden, with lustrous, tanned skin and spacious tomentum cerebri that looked like spilled sunshine. A gown of teal velvet-the same color as her eye-showed her maternal curves to great advantage. Yet, her greatest ornamentation, in my opinion, was the striking figure of Kiyo standing(a) nearby, one hand resting on the back of her chair. He wore gentry clothing tonight, simple black slacks and a long-sleeved white silk tunic that he probably could have worn among humans with unwrap question. His eye, warm and dark, met mine briefly before turning back to the mortal addressing Maiwenn. Heat flared mingled with him and me in that moment, and electricity coursed by means of my body as I remembered last night.-best wishes for you and your child, your majesty, the man was truism. Truly this is a joyous occasion, and we pray to the gods for good fortune and good health.I pondered his words, recalling Kiyo telling me this was little of a baby shower and more than of a luck ceremony. The gentry did non conceive often, nor did they bear chil dren easily. Infant mortality was spicy. Old superstition held that a party like this, with so many well-wishers, would imbue the child with luck and en sure enough prosperity.The man finished his spiel and gestured to a retainer to bring his gift. The servant handed oer a small golden chest, to the highest degree the size of a shoebox, which his master opened with a flourish. A few oohs sounded from those gathered, and I craned my head to see what it held. A glitter of red met my look.This is my gift to your son or daughter the finest rubies from my land, polished and cut to perfection.I blinked and glanced around, wondering if I was the only one who found that gift ridiculous. What the hell was an infant going to do with a crate of rubies? Choke on them? Those things definitely needed a zero(prenominal) For Children down the stairs 3 warning on them. No one else shared my view, and the group seemed to be in agreement on the gifts value. Kiyo, however, caught my eye, and I saw the faintest of smiles play all over his face as he guessed what I was reckoning.The man left, and all eye swiveled to me. We hadnt arrived first, but apparently my rank bought me cutting rights. Following Shayas earlier instructions, I stepped frontward and kissed Maiwenns cheek. She kissed mine in return.Eugenie, Im so euphoric to see you again.She looked it, too. I dont know if it was faked or non, but she was one of those people who could always look happy and manage you weigh she really cared about you. I suspected most of her kindness was sincere, but she had to have the same uneasiness around me as I did with her, devoted our respective relationships with Kiyo.Glancing at his dark looks and her golden ones, I dead had a vivid image of them in bed together. I wondered if hed been as wild with her as with me. I wondered if shed liked it.Pushing that picture out of my head, I attempted a return smile. Thank you for inviting me. Sorry Im late.She waved a dismissive hand . You didnt have to come at all. Im effective glad youre here.I didnt have any elegant speeches, so I kept my words simple. Imvery happy for you. I hope things go great with you and the baby.I glanced over at Shaya, whod been holding my backpack. She handed it to me, and I noticed then that the number of watchers had increased, eyes curious as to what the half-human fag would give. The Kiyo Love Triangle was no secret gentry gossip spread around the Otherworld faster than any human tabloid could have kept up with.Producing a teddy bear, I handed it over to her. She took it, eyes surprised as her hands ran over its smooth, sable-brown fur. Id paid a lot of money for it. It was few kind of designer brand Id been told was much coveted among upper-class suburban moms.Its, um, a toy, I explained, immediately feeling idiotic. The gentry werent technologically advanced, but compensate they could figure that one out.Its lovely, she said, touching the seams. We rottert match this kind o f workmanship. Thank you.Oh, and wellI honestly didnt think there was anything else I could give that the baby wouldnt already have. So, instead, I made a donation in its name to a childrens charity. Or rather, once we know its name, Ill finalize the donation.Forgetting the teddy bear, she looked up at me, readably perplexed. I dont understand. Those gathered apparently didnt either, judging from the curious expressions.I, um, well, gave money to a group that helps sick kids. Theyll use that money to take care of them, and itll be I grasped for something gentry-friendly. itll be done in your babys honor.A supreme look of delight flooded her gorgeous face, and I knew without a doubt she wasnt faking it. She understood, and she liked the gift.Its very generous, Kiyo explained to her. The burn message his eyes gave me indicated he had a few ideas of how to express his gratitude for the present.She put her arms around the teddy bear, holding it to her ample chest while her eyes gazed off with thought. Acts of such kindnessdone in the babys name She sullen that radiance back to me. Acts like that stoogenot help but generate good will from the gods. Thank you, Eugenie.A murmur of considering whispers stirred behind us. She and I exchanged a few more remarks, and then I yielded the floor to the next well-wisher.Was that approve? I asked Shaya as we walked away.Extremely. A wry note hung in her voice. I doubted your gift, but now I think you understand this custom better than we do. She switched to a lower tone. Ah, this is Katrice, the Rowan Queen, coming toward us.I looked up with interest, having passed by the Rowan Land so many sentences during my Otherworldly journey. Katrice looked about fifty or so in human years, which meant she could boast a few centuries. Only a little silver laced her thick black hair, and her dark eyes glittered with a keen intellect. A dress of red and white satin cover her stout figure.Oh, oh, oh This is her at last The Thorn Quee n. My dear child, you have been too indifferent from our gatherings. She put her arms around me and kissed my cheek. It was a bit more slobbery than Maiwenns kiss. A little overwhelmed by her presence, I returned the gesture. She smelled like roses.Itits nice to meet you.You are so lovely Look at her, Marlin. Isnt she lovely?She grabbed the arm of a man who looked about twice her age, his wispy gray hair barely covering his head. His eyes indicated he wasnt really at the party right now.What? he asked.Katrice raised her voice. Lovely. Isnt she LOVELY?Loverly, he muttered, stark(a) off to my left.Duke Marlin, the queens consort, Shaya whispered.Look at you, look at you Katrice continued, still bubbling over. How could a little thing like you have killed Aeson? Hmm? Old Tirigan Storm King would be so proud.I jerked with surprise, taken aback by the callous reference to both my slaying of Aeson and my fathers name. Not noticing my reaction, she gestured frantically to a young man pas sing nearby. He had slim good looks and raven-black hair tied back in a ponytail. He too wore red and white, and I remembered once seeing the Rowan Lands flag, a rowan tree contact in red and white. Apparently, they were a patriotic group.Darling, darling Come meet the Thorn Queen. Smiling, he hastened to her side and gave me a courteous nod. This is my son, Leith. Leith, Queen Eugenie.He took my hand and kissed it very properly, as was the custom. A pleasure, your majesty.Likewise.I studied him, curious at seeing a gentry prince. With all the gentry reproductive issues, none of the other monarchs Id met-aside from Maiwenn-had any children. They tended to be solitary rulers.He looked so nice and friendly-and like he wasnt currently score plans to get in my pants-that I wanted to make conversation, but I was never very good at initiating that kind of thing. Katrice took the dilemma out of my hands.Isnt she beautiful, Leith? I was further saying how I can barely believe she killed old Aeson. Can you believe that? What was it that I heard, my dear? That you drowned him?I cleared my throat uncomfortably. Um, no, not exactly. I sort of summoned all the water out of his body and blew him apart.Oh She clapped her hands together as though it were the most wonderful thing shed ever heard. Oh Oh Isnt that fascinating? And so cleverApparently noting my discomfort, Leith hastily said, Mother, Im sure the Thorn Queen would prefer to discuss more pleasant topics. This is hardly the place to talk about death.I flashed him a grateful smile. We did indeed break away to more mundane topics, and I found he managed a conversation far more effectively than his mother did. I saw your expression over the rubies, he teased. You dont think the baby will appreciate those?I made a face. Maybe if they can decorate a crib with them. Or peradventure make a mobile. Are those kinds of gifts normal?Im afraid so, he said, still smiling. As I heard you say, there isnt much this baby wont get from Maiwenn. Most of these nobles are more interested in making the queen happy, not the baby-hence all the useless gifts.Why, Leith, scolded his mother. Thats ridiculous. Im sure Maiwenns child will absolutely love the quartz glass dinnerware we brought.When I finally excused us, Leith kissed my hand again and spoke in a voice too low for Katrice to hear.Im sorry about her. She doesnt always think before she speaks.I laughed. Its okay, I murmured back. Shes a queen. Thats her job.More loudly and properly, he said, I hope youll come visit us. Mothers been dying to receive you at our court.Sure, I agreed. One of these days. I tried to reciprocate the politeness. You should come visit us too. Im not around much, but youre welcome whenever.He brightened, as did Katrice who actually stayed dumb for a change. Thank you, your majesty. Id love to. Ive heard amazing things about your land. They say its very fierce. Fierce, but beautiful.Shaya laughed softly as we go. Oh, you dont kn ow what youve done.I stared at her. What do you mean? I think I handled that well, considering that womans endless chattering.Dont let her surface fool you. Shes shrewder than you think. And powerful. Unfortunately, her son is not.Leith? What do you mean? Magically?She nodded. His magic is almost nonexistent. He wont be able to inherit her kingdom.Whoa Considering how long gentry outlived, Id never thought much about inheritance issues. and he seemed pretty competent. Very intelligent.He is. Extremely so. Hes an inventor of sorts. Hes created things that have revolutionized their kingdom-and the others, slowly. He most recently created tools to print text in books the way your people do. Itll save a fortune in scribes.Like a printing press? Wow. Who knew? Leith was like a fairy version of Gutenberg. Cool. Maybe the Otherworld was well on its way to the Industrial Revolution. And that doesnt count for anything with judgement?No. Shaya didnt sound sympathetic in the least. Magical s trength was the greatest measure of a gentrys outlay, which is why my bastard father had been held in such high regard. Those who believed I would match him one day regarded me similarly. Ingenuity alone is not enough to inherit the throne or bind the land. However, his odds might repair if he had a powerful consort.I suddenly tripped on my own feet when I caught her meaning. What, you mean me?By their estimation, youre a good match. Powerful, already ruling a kingdom. Your human blood and ability to conceive makes you extremely attractive, your role in the prophecy doubly so.Christ. You people are nuts. She seemed to be enjoying my diswhitethorn. Like I said, Katrice is shrewd. She wasnt delusion when she said she wanted to meet you. Shes probably planned this for a while. You inviting Leith to visit fulfilled her dreams. Just wait, hell come soon.How come you guys have no concept of just friends around here? Why is every guy I meet a potential mate? Leith was nice enough and cu te, but I meancome on.I supposed I shouldnt have been surprised, really. The gentry had much looser sexual mores than humans-as a few couples in the rooms corners were currently demonstrating-so they probably treated everything as a possible romantic encounter. Considering the wights less-than-romantic bid for my affections earlier, I should have been grateful for Leiths more civilized courtship. Still, I found it all wearying.Shaya introduced me to a number of other nobles that laternoon. Most blurred together. I simply smiled and nodded a lot, fantasizing about being home in bed with Kiyo. Near the end of the party, one new person actually caught my attention.The first interesting thing was just how dark his skin was-a rarity in the otherwise Caucasian gentry of this portion of the Otherworld. His black hair hung around his face in a shower of tiny braids, perfectly setting off the burgundy satin cloak around him. He bowed low over my hand, sweeping his cloak away with a flourish .Your majesty, he said with a faint French accent. It is an honor and a privilege. The stories of your beauty do not do you justice. I am Girard de la Colline.I accepted his hand kiss with astonishment. You must be from very far away.The Otherworld mirrored my own world in geography. The residents here, near Arizona, spoke variations of American English. I wondered idly if those who ruled now had supplanted an American Indian version of the gentry.Such a journey is well worth it to be in your presence, but some metre, if you like, I would be honored to tell you stories of my homeland. Its beauty is enough to make a man weep, though Im given to understand that the terrible beauty of your own kingdom can make men weep as well-for different reasons.I laughed. I suppose so. Those who respect it can survive it those who dontwell, dont.It sounds just like its queen. He inclined his head. I also have a small talent with metalwork, if you would ever like anything crafted. I live in the Rowa n Land now but would happily take a commission if you require one.I thanked him for the offer and said Id think about it. When we left him, I turned to Shaya. I liked him. But let me guess-he wants to woo me and father my child, too?Oh, he wouldnt be opposed to it, but thats not his short-term goal. He really is quite a gifted artisan-hes even got a little human blood in his ancestry, which lets him somewhat touch iron. But a man like himwell, hes a courtier. He hangs around nobility and tries to find connections that might help him rule a kingdom of his own one day.Which, my dear Shaya, is a very kind way of saying he is a schmoozing bottom-feeder who will do anything to further his own political aspirations. I will agree with you on his artistic talents, however. Why, we should have him make our good friend the Thorn Queen here a proper crown and solidify her title.That smooth, brusk voice sliced my heart in two, and I froze. Turning around slowly, I met a pair of long-lashed gre en eyes flecked with gold and hazel, all framed by a sweep of long, fiery hair that rivaled the trees of autumn in his kingdom.Dorian, King of the Oak Land.Your majesty, exclaimed Shaya happily, giving him a low curtsey. How are you? How is your battlefield?Dorian smiled and lightly chucked her chin. Are you afraid my household has fallen apart without you? I confess, it does run a bit less smoothly than before, but we buy the farm what we must. I have no doubts your new mistress has more need of your services than I, so I shall suffer longer for her sake.He gave me a pointed look. I said nothing. Shaya glanced between the two of us, her happy mien turning nervous. If youll excuse me, your majesties, Im going to find some refreshment. Ill return momentarily.I sincerely doubted that, but she departed too quickly for me to protest. I wanted to follow her but was now trapped.A bit of his showmanship dimmed, but the wit and lazy amusement that constantly intent Dorian remained. He al ways behaved as though he were on a stage, both in his mannerisms and his melodramatic-and often wry-commentary. I guess as a king he kind of was on stage during his life.Well, Eugenie, here we are. Dorian carelessly smoothed down the black velvet of his robe. Gold and red patterns danced around the hems. You are a vision of sublime beauty, as always.Oh come on, I exclaimed. Not from you, of all people. Im the most shoddily dressed person in this room.No. I saw a scullery maid dressed nearly as badly. A crown really would go a long way to run aground your standing. But, barring that, your dress is actually lovely and well-made, even if plain. Wait and watch youll see women wearing copies of it soon. The fact that you can still draw eyes while wearing it is a testament to your beauty and presence. You achieve what most of these trumped-up, painted women cannot, no matter how many layers of heavy, rich fabric cover them up.I gestured toward his robe. Youre covered up in a fair amount of heavy, rich fabric yourself.The edges of his lips curled up. If they bother you, I can remove as many of these layers as you like.I rolled my eyes, but the damage was done. With those few words, I once again saw his naked body, smooth and perfect in the moonlight, hovering over mine as I lay bound to his bed. It had been one night, one night only, but it was a night Id had little luck in forgetting for the last three months. Seeing Dorian stirred it all up again, filling me with confusion over the way my body had responded to such domination.Long before that night, Dorian had been one of my first allies in the Otherworld. Hed supported Storm King-and would have loved to knock me up-but had stood firm against any notion of rape. Hed wanted me of my own free will. In the end, hed helped me defeat Aeson and had shown me the fundamentals of using magic.Did you give Maiwenn something? I asked abruptly, steering us elsewhere.He scrutinized me a moment before answering. Yes, of course . What was it? Ah. Yes. Bolts of lovely cloth that Im sure she can dosomethinglovely with. My steward picked it out. A paltry present compared to yours, or so I hear. His eyes tracked across the room to where Maiwenn and Kiyo laughed with some woman I didnt recognize. Look at them. Their child will be something to see, dont you think? They make a very striking couple. I should commission a panther to do a family portrait once the baby arrives. Something they can all treasure for years to come.I stiffened. Thats why you wanted to talk to me, huh? You havent changed, Dorian, and Im not going to stay here and play if youre just going to try to bait me. I didnt want to talk to you anyway.Dorian gave a long-suffering sigh. You always think so little of me, Eugenie. I wished to speak with you because I wanted to know how youve been. Ive missed you. How do you like being a queen? Your land hasnt perished to that degreeso Im taking that as a good sign.Still irked by the Kiyo jibe, I fixed him with a glare. I didnt want to be a queen at all. Its your fault Ive gotten into this. If you hadnt tricked me into claiming the land, Id be in Tucson right now and away from all of this. The sting of what hed done, binding me to the Thorn Land, still itched within me. I wasnt sure if I could ever forgive him for that.Not true. Youd still be here, moping around while your lover receives gifts for his child, just as you are right now. And men like the young Rowan prince would still solicit you because whatever other titles come and go, you will always be Storm Kings daughter.I dont really want to be that either.He spread his hands out, palms up, in a gesture of helplessness. That I cannot change. All I can do with that is help you to develop the powers you inherited, but youve already refused my aid there.I looked away. I dont need your help. Aside from the grudge I held against him, I couldnt shake the feeling that more of his help would result in me in his bed again.He took a st ep toward me. Have you been teaching yourself?I didnt answer.You have been, havent you? Or trying to, at least. Odd, considering I distinctly recall you saying you were satisfied with the level of magic youd reached through my training. He smiled. How is that going? Perhaps youd like my help again?I jerked my head back toward him. Too much at this party had ground me down already, and his serpents tongue was the point that threatened to break me. No. I dont need your help. I dont need anyones help, okay? Im happy with what Im teaching myself. If I advance, fine. If I dont, fine. It doesnt matter to me.He laughed, a soft and deadly sound that poured over me like honey. Eugenie, Eugenie. You may lie to other people, you may lie to your kitsune, and you may even lie to yourself. But do not lie to me. I was the one who first taught you to control your magic. Ive seen how you crave it, how you glow with the flight of that power. I know how it makes you feel because Ive felt it too. I ca n see in those lovely violet eyes of yours how passionately you want to tap more of that magic. Its consuming you.As usual, I said in a low voice that matched his own, youre imagining more than is actually there.And you, as usual, are denying what is there, not to mention your own nature. You are what you are, Eugenie, and the sooner you accept that, the sooner you can begin doing great things.This conversation is done, I snapped, turning away.Dorians hand closed around my wrist, and he pulled me toward him with an unpredicted harshness. I dont think hed meant to do it quite so hard. I let out a small gasp as those fingers tightened against my skin. I wasnt trapped by any stretch of the imagination, but for half a moment, I could believe I was. The painful restraint on my wrist sent shockwaves of heat through my body, and the scent of cinnamon drifted around me, standing this close to him. My breathing had grown heavy, and I willed it to slow down.He hadnt expected that reaction. A slight widening of his eyes showed rarely expressed surprise. Leaning his face toward mine, his thumb stroked the skin on my arm while the rest of the fingers maintained their hold.Just like old times, hmm? It seems you havent on the whole lost your taste for restraint. Yet, like everything else, Im sure you deny yourself that as well.You think so? I asked nastily. You should try fucking Kiyo. Lots of restraint there.Amusement lit his face, contrasting with the dark desire in his eyes. Since Im presuming you dont mean you finally bought him a leash, let me say simply that there is a big difference between allowing an animal to ravage you and allowing yourself to be ravaged. One is common. The other is art. It is planned. Crafted, even. Only capable of being done by a master. His next words came out so conversationally, we might as well have been discussing the weather. As it is, Ive been planning out what Id like to do the next time we make love. I think I want you to lie on your stomach, with your hands bound to the front of the bed. Well have to shift your hips up a bit, put you on your knees just a little, but otherwise youll stay prostrate, almost like youre bowing in humble obeisance as I kneel behind you and take you. He paused. Unless you have other suggestions?I broke from his grasp and backed up, surprised to find I was shaking.This was Dorian. The same dangerous, presumptuous, and scheming Dorian Id first met months ago, no matter the corsage and charm that poured off of him. He had no right to speak to me like that, not after Id parted ways over his trick with the Thorn Land, not after Id told him I wanted to stay with Kiyo.And yet, he had once been my friend and my teacher and my ally in battleand my lover. And as I stood there staring at him, I could imagine everything hed just described. I could feel it. And, God help me, I wanted it. My whole body tingled with the arousal his words wrought.I have to go, I said. It took two tries for my dry mo uth to get the words out. I have to find Shaya.He inclined his head politely. Of course.I turned and walked away, but not before I heard him call after me.Eugenie? Dont forget, if you change your mind, my offer still stands. For all things.I bit my lip so as not to retort and was so focused on maintaining control that I nearly ran into a woman heading in the direction Id just come from. She was gorgeous, with red hair that stood out like bright flames against her fair skin. She wore a puff-sleeved dress that matched the sky blue of her long-lashed eyes and reminded me a little of Cinderellas ball gown. Of course, Disney would have never allowed that much cleavage. The woman stepped gracefully aside, just barely avoiding a collision. And then, to my complete and total shock, she sidled up to Dorian and wrapped herself around him, printing press her lips to his cheeks.Ah, there you are, he said happily. He returned the kiss-except, well, it was on her lips. And lasted awhile. With to ngue.I stood there, frozen, urging myself to ignore them and keep moving. Yet, I couldnt. Dorian, seeing me still there, gave me one of his grander smiles. Queen Eugenie, a moment. Have you met my charming young friend yet?That, of course, was one of Dorians more annoying habits. He knew perfectly well Id never met her but enjoyed playing the innocent.I havent, I said stiffly, crossing my arms over my chest.Queen Eugenie, may I present Ysabel, one of my subjects in the Oak Land. Shes been spending some timein the castle. I took the subtext to mean that said time was specifically being spent in his bed.Ysabel bowed, giving me a polite Your majesty. Yet, when she straightened up, I saw the look in her eyes was anything but polite. there was a distinct hostility there, and it was directed at me. I was a bit taken aback until I realized what it was. Jealousy. This woman was insanely, adamantly jealous of me. She pressed herself closer to Dorian, almost possessively, her hands roaming o ver his body in the way that was so commonplace among their kind.A pleasure, I replied. I turned around to leave again, having no desire to watch Ysabel grope Dorian. If she wanted to make me jealous, she was wasting her efforts. Dorian and I were finished. There was nothing more between us, nor would there ever be again.Dorians latest lover, Shaya explained later.Yeah, I kind of figured that out.My understanding is that he went an astonishingly long time without a consort ever since She didnt finish. She was referring to when Dorian and I had been involved.How long is a long time? I asked.Mmma couple of weeks.A couple of weeks after we broke up? Thats a long time?For King Dorian? Yes. I believe shes his fourth since then, but she bears a distinct resemblance to all the others. Shaya looked at me meaningfully.So? I asked, not getting the point.Always fair skinned. Always redheads. Violet eyes are harder to find, though, so hes settled on blue.It took me a few moments more to catch o n. Wait. Are you saying Dorians been taking lovers that look like me?It could just be a coincidence, she said diplomatically.Jesus Christ, I said, suddenly freaked out. Had I really made that big of an impression on him?Shaya paused a moment, face thoughtful. I dont think Ysabel likes you very much.I kind of figured that out too. She was trying to make me jealous. Then, in case there was any question, I added, But Im not.As you say, replied Shaya, voice and face perfectly pleasant.I couldnt tell if she believed me or not, but it didnt matter. I knew the truth. I really wasnt jealous of Ysabel and Dorian.Well, not much, anyway.

Hiv (Si Heidi, Si Ivy at Si V) Draft

David Kyle N. Laggui BSM 1A (CS) Reaction Paper 1 human immunodeficiency virus (Si Heidi, Si Ivy at Si V) Documentary film maker Gil Bustamante (Jake Cuenca) is commissioned by the Department of Health to create a documentary for their HIV / AIDS awareness program. By sum of the San Lazaro Hospital as a backdrop, he weaves a story that combines the numerous stories of people who are infected with the virus. Among those having their story told are heterosexuals, homosexuals, prostitutes, and intravenous users of drugs.His documentary focuses on three major characters Heidi (Ma. Isabel Lopez), an ordinary housewife who contracted the virus from her philandering former hus exercise set, an overseas contract worker who died in Saudi Arabia eventually three years ago. Leaving her alone to care for their 9 year old son, Victor (JP Mesde) is also a patient of HIV. Ivy (Iza Calzado), a young call contract agent who discovers she is HIV positive when she tries to make a claim for work ab road. Shes discombobulated how she contracted the virus.Though she has X feckless and relaxed boyfriend (Will Devaughn), Ivy is removed from being reckless and promiscuous. Her plans for a new life in another country shattered, she must now play against the world, her work, family, and friends a misstep from her past. Vanessa (IC Mendoza), a merry young gay and stand-up comedian who engages in a variety of sexual pleasures with manifold partners. He, with his very supportive parents, is geared up and eager to go to shares her story. Merrily though keen for the exposure, Vanessa is careless and still sleeps around with anonymous strangers.One day, he gets beaten by a band of thugs while cruising the streets. For his own reasons, Gil is gripped with destination the documentary, even though some of his key subjects have either died or backed out of the project. He learns that the fight against HIV / AIDS is not just the responsibility of government this is a fight that requires re sponsible action from each individual. In the end, he is exultant in finishing the documentary as well as being able to play against his own greatest fear

Orange Telecom: a Case Analysis

Orange telecommunicationmunication A Case Analysis ORGA 433 460 Orange Telecom is a fearsome example of successful organizational understanding of change in a fast-paced and growing market. Utilizing the environment around them, Orange has grown into a domain of a functionwide triumph in the Telecom industry. By committing to a progressive strategy, Orange has demonstrated their ability to change and evolve to not just suit their warm environment, but to also actively envision the future path of the industry, and capitalize on prospective trends around the world.Question 1 Using the internet and other sources, as well as the information give in the case study, summarize the elements in Oranges temporal and external environments in terms of the puzzle out it had on the opportunity for this unexampled brand to succeed, 1994-2006. Orange was launched in the UK in 1994 as an answer to the growing trend towards mobile telecommunications. From the very beginning, Orange apply a st rategy of pioneering legion(predicate) of the services to its customers that would later give-up the ghost the norm, industry-wide.At its launch, Orange was the first to offer standard customer service features such as caller id. Orange was the first company to offer aesthetically appealing masts shaped like trees which helped in customer relations. In 1999 Orange launched a set-back in Switzerland which would be the first of many excursions into foreign markets. In 2000 Orange was capable to use superior technology to offer Europe its first receiving set video phone. These are just a few example of Oranges strategy of providing customers with the latest in innovation.They launched at a time when Telecom services focused more on turnover than customer service. Orange decided to go in a completely unique direction by focusing primarily on customer concerns and service, being among the first to offer their customers numerous different option in every family such as prepaying phon es through ATMs. In the UK, in 2003 Orange changed the way the mobile market operated, turning all of its 2,000 UK retail salespeople into phone trainers and introducing them into its high street stores.It also launched the new Orange Film Funding Board adverts that took the international cinema industry by storm. The success of Orange is also strongly attributed to its ability to capitalize on external environmental trends. Being a company steeped in English and French heritage, Orange has been able to utilize a multicultural approach to stock and provide nations with both French and British histories. This has opened the door for Orange to cross the language barriers that often bring to a halt the growth of many organizations.Orange has also been able to sense the common curiosity mankind has towards the future and has therefore began marketing itself, not as a company that simply provides a service, but also a company that provides answers to the future through innovation. Furth er, the Orange brand has become so widely recognized in the UK and nations around the world that the companys symbol has become synonomus with youth, innovation, and of course mobile phone service. They have strongly marketed this brand to the youth with the knowledge that brand recognition has become more important than ever in an industry with so many customer options.Finally, Orange has had a finger on the pulse of, not only technology and innovation, but of the field of study of technology. Since 2000 there has been a huge growth in the communications field of education, and Orange has capitalized on this by property steady observation of rising stars in the field of Mobile Telecom. Orange has utilized its temporal and external environment to become a successful telecom company. By keeping up with trends, and pioneering so many practices that have become common- menage, Orange has now become an industry leader in being able to recognize environmental trends and provide answers for the future.Question 2 What type of change do you count on Orange was pursuing? In terms of the concepts and ideas put forward, particularly in Chapter 2, justify your views. As an organization in an already fairly established industry Orange was attempting a transformational type of change, also developmental change seemed to be something that was pivotal in the enterprise of this organization. Since the time of its official launch in 1994, to present day, Orange has been avid in establishing itself as a more wider societal ntity alternatively than a specifically narrowly viewed service supplier in an industry with a lot of alternatives. This very separation has been the catalyst of the transformational change that took place in the telecommunication industry with the launching of Orange. This change could be also more specifically described as discontinuous change due to the particular that Orange initially originated from a parent company that was government owned. Furth ermore, the strategy pivotal to Oranges success has been significantly divergent from previously established strategies.Discontinuous change is defined by Grundy as change which is marked by rapid shifts in strategy, structure or culture, or in all tercet (Senior & Fleming, p. 46). The type of change that was pursued by Orange is developmental change. The parent company responsible for the establishment of Orange was France Telecom, which at one time was the monopolistic organization providing postal and telephone services in France. This fact is indicative of an executive team that was very experienced in traditional telecommunications establishments and industry nuances.However, rather than simply carry over that deeply rooted experience in a fashion of an identical duplicate, the executives of the newly formed Orange took a developmental approach and built upon well established concepts in order to achieve new heights in this competitive industry. By building new concepts and id eas unto a solid foundation of industry experience the Orange company was able to outdistance its competition fairly quickly and become an industry giant in a relatively short time-span.If one examines the wide history behind the formation of Orange, this type of change is clearly evident and is transformational in its implications. From the very flak the organization aggressively pursued a marketing campaign that separated them from being viewed as simply another service provider or manufacturer, or a symbiosis of both. The company steadily became an abstract social entity that related to customers on a deeper level then a simple service provider and therefore revolutionized the way it connected with its client base.In the industry plagued by deprived customer service Orange established itself as a beacon of exceptional customer service has been increasing its customer participation in leaps and bounds, which in turn made it the global entity it is today. Question 3 How far do yo u think the changes made have been appropriate to the environments in which Orange was operating? The changes that Orange has made are very appropriate for the environment (market) in which they operate. First, the most rudimentary change they have made is distinguishing themselves as a provider of customer service, not as manufacturer and provider as a particular product.This avoided labelling as just another network provider, and definitely differentiated their firm from the other carriers in the markets where they operate. They operate on a looking forward basis, looking to growing the possibility of communication concentrating on the service and relationship with customers not just the individual transactions. Another change that was made was to have a spot that couldnt be cut out at a mobile services provider unlike Rogers Wireless, T-Mobile.. etc the changes they made to the way they are branded themselves effectively.They chose a name that was abstract and unrelated to the telephone industry which was unconventional in that it showed a divergence from industry standards which has paid off for them. An abstract name that is not consciously tied to only one part of a persons life gives the feeling of an all-encompassing service or entity in that persons mind. This is appropriate given that Orange is aiming to enrich the customers life via their communication possibilities in an industry that is mainly transaction based and not adapt towards customer service.Customer service changes they made were significant, being the first to provide billing by the second definitely would have put them in a category of their own at a time when other companies where billing by the minute. This change is consistent with their vision of embodying the future rather than just selling cadre phones and products. Overall Orange has had great success by making changes to the way mobile telecommunication companies do business and are seen by consumers.Their branding in the b eginning and after their launch has reflected this as well, and considering their target market (the future) ,young people who use their mobile phones for more than emergency calls, their changes are very appropriate. After all it is the younger generations who will be more dependent on mobile communications as time passes accepting more services into their everyday life touching forward into the future. and unlike the rest of the industry Orange has branded itself as the future which is very fitting. References Senior, B. & Fleming, J. (2006). Organizational Change (3rd ed. ). Essex, England Pearson Education Limited.

The Effects of Rap Music on Children

Xavier Miranda Professor John Mammen English 1301 23 June 2012 The Effects of exploit Music on Children There is no danger of developing eyestrain from looking on the sustenancelike side of things. This quote fits perfectly with this topic. Too umteen stack look at the negativities in music, tap music to be specific. stripe music can wear negative effects on those who attend to it, just now just as easily and equally have a positive and beneficial outcome.Yes, adult maley rappers use vulgar derogative terms to describe women and may cast its listeners to break the law or things of the like but it can in any case open our eyes, we can learn naked as a jaybird things from it and it can baffle us to be break people and do things, good things, with our lives. Now Rap isnt anything new its been around since about the 1970s and been influencing those who listen to it for about 40 years now (Rap). When people satisfy the term rap music their initial thought will be thats bad or thats demeaning to women which in a sense is true. For example the meter crack this guidance performed by Aerosmith and Run D.M. C. is about how a young high school student is give-up the ghost through his first sexual experience by a debauched cheerleader. In a better known shout Make it Rain by Fat Joe he says Owwwww mamis body is banging, man/ she got it, man/ she does it all She gets it popping with no hands And then theres the song almost e very(prenominal)body knows by Jay-Z. 99 problems, where he refers to women as bitches. Songs like these make women seem like tools and expendable creatures, and may decide children that listen to this slip of rap to treat women as such, but many of them were influenced as teenagers by gangster rap.Perhaps I should start using crys like, niggers, hoes and slut-bitches since I would only be reflecting my societys music (Leary). But the best example, to make this question clear, is the music video Every girl by Young Money. In the video there are females dressed promiscuously throughout and the lyricist admits to wishing he could have sexual intercourse with every girl in the world. There many other songs that contain this type of disrespect towards the female sex, which gives a more credible argument to those who dont like rap.Another point people may make against Rap music is the fact that many Rappers Rap and live very violently. Eminem is at the top of my list when it comes to being violent. Theres the song Who knew? in which he defends himself by saying I never knew I, knew Id effect this kid/ I never knew Id, get him to slit his articulatio radiocarpea/ I never knew Id, get him to hit this bitch Although the song in and of itself is a bit ironic, Eminem acknowledges the fact that now he knows he can influence his listeners with his music.And in Love the Way you Lie in which he says the following verse If she ever tries to fucking leave again/ Ima tie her to the bed and post this house on fire. we see again the violence, and the music video for said song is of a equal who constantly fight and by the end of the song the couples house is up in flames. One accept found that young subjects who watched violent rap videos were more accepting of violent actions (Copley) and these lyrics that we very well hear over the radio and in our everyday lives promote breaking or disregarding the law, and many people still stop and wonder why the world is so violent.But like stated at the outgrowth of this paper there is a bright side to this moon. Before writing this paper laziness overcame me and I began to procrastinate and started listening to music and then the song Airplanes Part 2 by B. o. b. feat. Eminem came on. Towards the end of the song Eminem says the words Pretend he procrastinated had no motivation/ Pretend he just made excuses that were so paper thin they could blow away with the wind which is what I was doing and it turned me on and opened my eyes.As the song finishes E minem continues to rap in third person about himself and how if it wasnt for this one moment in his life that he had not chased his dream he wouldnt be who he wanted to be. I then proceeded to get up and write this paper. So this song had an effect, a positive one on me. And it can have similar effects on others who listen to it. The language most rappers use is profanity, but a handful of rappers use uncommon words to express themselves, which can lead to one decision out the definition of the word and later possibly using them in school work.For example Eminem uses the word antidisestablishmentarianism which is a political position in the Anglican Church that chooses to withdraw support from certain churches. And gratuitous to say I used it in a world history paper. Theres also some songs by the rapper Immortal Technique who uses biblical metaphors in his music like in the song Point of no Return he asks us to open our eyes and actually see whats going on around us because the en d of the world is near. Music like everything else has a good side and a bad side.Most people ignore the good and disregard Rap music as a whole. As expressed in this paper, yes it can have negative effects and influence children to do bad things but it can also influence them in a good way and even give them certain tools to use in the future. Works Cited Copley, J.. Rap Musics Psychological Effects. Psychology at suite 101. Glam Entertainment, 2008. Web. 8 whitethorn 2012. . Leary, sam . Gangster rap has negative impact on society. The fooling Campus.N. p. , 2002. Web. 8 May 2012. Rap Encyclopedia of Popular Music. Ed. Colin Larkin. Muze Inc and Oxford University Press, Inc. 2009. Encyclopedia of Popular Music (e-reference edition). Oxford University Press. Tarrant County College. 8 May 2012 http//www. encpopmusic4. com/entry? Entry=t270. e52529 Lyrics Make it rain Artist Fat Joe Website lyrics. com Who Knew Artist Eminem Website lyrics. com Love the way you dwell Artist Emin em Website lyrics. com Airplanes Part 2 Artist B. O. B. feat Eminem Website lyrics. com

Aztec and Inca Dbq

Aztec & Inca DBQ The Aztec and Inca were two very advance(a) ethnic societies for being on of the early civilizations of aboriginal America. These Empires maintained a high level of heathenish development due to their loving, clothes designerural, and religious aspects. Additional documents that would have aided the explanation of these cultures would be from a priest and his role was a significant part in the community as well as from an architect or constructor, to describe some of the obstacles they involve to surpass in order to erect the magnificent creates and temples.The social effects of the Aztec & Incan Empires clearly emphasized the superb cultural development that occurred there (documents 1,6,7,8,10,11). The Mendoza codex exhibits the chance(a) activities and customs of the Aztec realm (doc. 1). It depicts the type of work depending on gender roles, in which men per produceed more of the lookup activities and the women were taught how to work with crafts. The celluloid also shows how the older generations taught their young the new techniques and traditions. (Insert authors pov/ virgule here). The page from the Codex Mendoza shows the forward-looking marketplaces they had because of the great variety of goods (doc. ). The numerous manufactured wares also show the type of work and materials that were needed to be done in order to produce the items. (Insert authors pov/ diverge here). In the memoirs of the conquistador Bernal Diaz del Castillo, he describes the quality and vast amounts of goods exchange at the Aztec marketplace (doc. 7). He takes not of how the items were displayed and the policies that enforced order end-to-end the market. However, he does show slash because he compared the Aztec marketplace to that of Portugal, and is truly only interested in gold, silver and slaves.He was also surprised by the way the slaves were able to walk around the urban center without being restrained. The vulnerability of the Chinampa sys tem shows the importance of the bucolic method as well as how the geography of the area promoted its use (doc. 8). From the lake dredged islands, much force needed to be exerted by the workers in order to harvest the crops. Although a laboring job, the fields reaped great benefits since they produced seven-spot crops per year. This amount contributed to a mixed diet, which led to better health and a greater population. (Insert authors pov/bias here).The picture of the Incan bridge shows the intercommunication between people from different parts of the area to do so with take over (doc. 10). The bridges not only encouraged communication between peoples, but also to aid them form gathering crops from one side of the area to the new(prenominal), and to increase trade between the two parts of the Incan Empire. (Insert authors pov/bias here). The picture from the First New Chronicle and Good Government, illustrated by Felipe Guanan Poma de Ayala, depicts the wide use and dependance on quipu to govern the Incan Empire (doc. 1). This mneumonic device in allowed for rulers and imperial officials to keep track of various statistics including unsophisticated products, and debts owed by the people. (Insert authors pov/bias here). Architecture also contributed to the stimulation of culture in the central American societies (documents 2,9,10,13). The photograph of the carved glyph on the Tenayuca Pyramid in Mexico City exhibits the skill and precision that architects had in constructing a building (doc. 2).Although all these sculptors had were rocks to carve into the rock, they did so in a way that was very proficient and showed their expertise in architecture. (Insert authors pov/bias here). The twelve cornered stone, shows the great amount of skill and effort the Incan architects had and needed in order to make such reliable and dependable walls (doc. 9) . The walls are of quality strength because they have lasted from the twenty-four hour period they were built up until now without the use of any mortar, just the precise aligning of carved rocks. (Insert authors pov/bias here).Apart from architecture, the Incan engineers built reliable bridges, just like the one that still stands today (doc. 10). This shows the expertise in bridge making as well as how the bridge could have helped architects build their structures, by development the bridge to cross over the chasm and retrieve rocks that could be used as carving rocks or as building materials. The photograph of Machu Picchu shows the great amount of effort and skill required to create a order of magnitude that could be depended on and maintained in the mountains (doc. 13). (Insert authors pov/bias here).The Incan architects truly show their might with this one, all buildings and structures were put together from hand carved rocks without the use of mortar. The builders also had to create a way for the city to not fall down, which also took much thought and skill. Lastly, religion was a great supporter for the cultural development in the Aztec and Incan Empires (documents 3,4,5, 12). The civil calendar used by the Aztecs shows the sophistication and complexity of activities throughout the course of the year, and how they paid close attention to religious ceremonies and the agricultural cycle (doc. 3).In this society the gods needed to be worshipped in order to produce great and bountiful harvests, so the veneration of goods was a necessity. (Insert authors pov/bias here). The chart describes the rituals that were associated for each month of the year and how it coincided with the Aztec calendar (doc. 4). The chart shows the intense religious devotion of numerous gods through ways of sacrificing people of certain age groups for each month. (Insert authors pov/bias here). The photograph from the Florentine Codex by Friar Bernadino, exhibits the great sacrificial society of the Mexica people (doc 5).This document shows bias because to the people of Central America, h uman sacrifice is part of their religion and way of worshiping their gods and giving their offerings, while to a Franciscan monastic who is a Christian begger, these ways are seen as heretic and the citizens are considered savages. The first new narration and good government by Felipe Guaman Panade Ayala exhibits the great devotion of Incas and their leaders to their sun god (doc. 12). They were strictly believers of the sun god and many other gods and since the document was written by someone who is of Incan descent, it shows bias.He sees the kings rejection to the Christian missioner Fray Vincente, as an act of great courage, loyalty, and devotion to his god, and is seen as a religious figure to other followers of the sun god. All in all, despite some of the Aztecs and Incas outdated technology methods, and tools, they were at sort of an advanced level of cultural development. Together the social, architectural, and religious aspects contributed to these successful societies. This essay receives a score of 9 It covers all requirements.

Longevity

Whether it is or non peoples decision how long they give out is one of the most important debates nowadays. There atomic number 18 many factors that tolerate guess just aboutones longevity, some of them are choices people make comparable smoking, drinking or keeping a wellnessy diet, but some opposite aspects Like socio-economic situation and genetic background may not be anyones election. Penthouse this circumstances index affect the longevity of a certain person, this essay will argue that bread and butter-style choices are In fact the most relevant factor when It comes to life expectancy.Lifestyle choices the like smoking and drinking, affect strongly a persons longevity. Penthouse not every smoking or drinking case ends In death, this lifestyle choices can slip by to serious health Issues that can adulterate the life expectancy of an Individual. A study held by L. Wilhelmina and other scientists, shows that there are many factors that can affect someones longevity, and they conclude that non-smokers have a higher casualty of surviving.This is because smoking causes injuries in the immune, circulatory and respiratory systems and this further leads to diseases like anger and osteoporosis. But smoking is not the only threat to someones health, drinking alcoholic beverages is extremely harmful, both mentally and physically, and can result with lethal consequences. According to Patrick M. Krueger, suicides, accidents, cancers and other diseases are the main causes of death in heavy drinkers. Drinking and smoking affect directly someones life expectancy due to its health and mental consequences.In contrast, some socio-economic circumstances clearly impingement on someones longevity and lifestyle choices. Government interventions like the minimum wage, effect directly somebodys socio-economic situation, and economic instability can influence someones lifestyle choices and longevity. For example, if the minimum wage decreases, and so does the pric e of close food, a role player that earns a basic salary won t be able to choose between fast food and healthy food because his budget only lets him spend in the cheapest food in the market.These can be In many ways someones decision, penthouse aspects like the ones mentioned In the previous paragraph might warp an Individuals choices. Obesity and sedentary can reduce someones life expectancy. A study held by Kelly et al from The university Cambridge on the Impact of obesity In fife expectancy, predicted that ponderous would reduce It by 0. 28 years. Longevity By militaries like socio-economic situation and genetic background may not be anyones election. Say will argue that lifestyle choices are in fact the most relevant factor when it Penthouse not every smoking or drinking case ends in death, this lifestyle choices can lead to serious health issues that can reduce the life expectancy of an individual. Lets him spend in the cheapest food in the market. In countries like The Uni ted States income the raze the mortality, making it evident that income might be a method to identify the lifestyle situations, that lead to the health contrast within people of different economic groups (Marmot, 2002).On the other hand, overweight and the lack of physical performance alter negatively a persons life expectancy. These can be in many ways someones decision, penthouse aspects like the ones mentioned in the previous paragraph might influence an individuals choices. Obesity and sedentary can reduce someones life expectancy. A study held by Kelly et al from The University Cambridge on the impact of obesity in life expectancy, predicted that overweight would reduce it by 0. 28 years.

Should Marty’s Company Embrace Open-Source Software?

ZAOZAO LIU MIS500 reconcile 2012 Should Martys company pamper open-source parcel in its build product? Marty Dirwey, CEO of Kalley Music Software, is facing a crucial question that whether she should open adenosine monophosphate Ups source code to users and developers. Undoubtedly, the new strategy which opens source package in KMSs hit product challenges the current highly successful strategy which prioritizes holding the intellectual property of adenylic acid Up. However, if I were Marty, I would support the new strategy. There are four parts in this paper. 1) analyze a basic but essential issue that why Marty hesitates hypothesis Amp Ups source code (2) come along explain the reasons why the company should accept the open-source strategy (3)give some recommendations to KMS (4) draw the conclusion. The reasons why Marty hesitates opening Amp Ups source code Essentially, there are three things Marty is worrying or so the feelings of the police squad, the churn of the cust omers, and the shekels of the company. As we can see from the case, Marty is in a dilemma.She resists opening the source code, because she is unwilling to give up the source code which is the fruit of painstaking labor of the whole team and she is worrying about how to piss money if the company shared the source code of the software which currently is the main source of their revenue. However, on the other hand, if she wont open the source code, undeniably, she is likely to be seen as the enemy of the users, mayhap not the enemy of all users, but at least the enemy of the fanatics, which must lead to be alienated by the customers who play a significant role in the melody game field. ZAOZAO LIU MIS500 FALL 2012 The reasons why the company should accept the open-source strategy Based on whats Marty worried I mentioned above, I will explain the reasons why the company should accept the open-source strategy from three perspectives. Considering the feelings of the team, especially the feelings of programmers, I believe the programmers must cheer for open-source software.Obvious is that confronting the current situation that inventing and executing dazzling upgrades are befitting harder and harder, programmers who Marty really cares about are fatigue so that they lose the passion in the software so that exhaust the creativity. At the moment, open source is a savior for all the programmers. They can integrate ideas from different developers and based on the basic innovative idea from developers, the programmers are more(prenominal) likely to create more stable and valuable upgrades than their opponents, because the programmers, the parents of Amp Up, must be more familiar with every detail of code.Another item we should recognize is that a new generation of programmers has grown up with open source software, and is more proficient in finding out what they need with OSS than with closed and proprietary tools and systems. What mean by this is that with the open -source software, the programmers would devise more effectively and efficiently. As to the customer churn, opening Amp Ups source code to the external developers doesnt necessarily lead to the customer churn, while closing the source code doesnt mean that similar and better software would never show up and the customers would be loyal to the company forever.Actually, infringers with strong competences have already shown up. so 2 ZAOZAO LIU MIS500 FALL 2012 open source becomes a must-to-do thing. From my perspective, as long as the programmer team of Amp Up doesnt give up the innovation of the software, the opponents can hardly take away the victor customers. There are two reasons. One reason is that Amp Up has sound brand which has been broadly speaking accepted. In my opinion, the code of software is similar to the literature.Famous literature must be recreated several times, but the readers ordinarily only can remember the original writer and prefer the original work. Thus, Marty doesnt need to worry about the KMGs position in the music game will be challenged easily, leading to a large rate of customer loss. The other reason is the team of Amp Up, including the programmers, CEO, COO, is professional and visionary and more familiar with the software and mass market so that the team is more likely to have a better agreement of the customers preference and cater to the needs of the market.The strategy of open-source software in KMSs hit product has a positive impact on enforcing the business transformation from a technology-oriented company to a serviceoriented company, which can set down KMS more opportunity to get more profit. If KMS wouldnt give away their proprietary IP and open the source, to forbid technology advantages in the music game field, they must invest more money in Amp Up, such as maintenance fee of hardware, so the downward tendency of KMSs profit would be inevitable. Recommendations for KMS In short-term run, KMS should open the sou rce and then integrate and utilize the ideas from different developers to mprove Amp Up select and get potential customers to the 3 ZAOZAO LIU MIS500 FALL 2012 maximum extent. That is, KMS should utilize Amp Up to capture the shoemakers last bucket of gold of the music software. After that, KMS should open the platform to third-party companies and provide technical support to those companies which sleek over have the dream of surviving or even thriving in an increasingly competitive music game field. In long-term run, a business transformation of KMS is a must. Besides, I think KMS should free prioritize the innovation, because it has a potent technology team. However, the model of technology innovation should be changed.Innovation within ecosystem should be a long-term direction. Conclusion KMS should open the source, because Amp Up has already in the open-source union and open source software can bring more potential customers and more profit to KMS. audience Coyle, Karen. O pen Source, Open Standards. Information Technology and Libraries 21. 1 (2002) 33-6. ABI/INFORM Complete. Web. 18 Sep. 2012. Jonathan Schwartz. Should Martys Should Martys company embrace open-source software in its hit product? Simon, Phil. Next Wave of Technologies opportunities in chaos (03/01/2010) , Chapter 5 4