Do the Right Thing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Make the best choice - Essay Example This exploration paper will endeavor an examination of the film relating to social class, racial issues, human instinct, ethical quality, and authentic criticalness while attempting to demonstrate that it is in reality a perfect work of art and a long way from flammable. The Bedford-Stuyvesant neighborhood is occupied chiefly by African-Americans however the staple is controlled by Koreans, the pizza shop by an Italian-American Sal and his two children, Pino and Vito and to balance the ethnic grouping, the Brownstone is claimed by an elitist named Clive. Mookie, the pizza-conveyance kid is a vital character and speaks to the dubious connection between the Blacks and Whites. Mookie's companion Buggin Out gets into a debate with Sal concerning his Wall of distinction which doesn't include any noticeable Blacks. The last answers strongly and Buggin Out leaves in high dudgeon. This specific episode gets under way the occasions which will bring about the passing of a dark man (Radio Raheem), Buggin Out's capture, and the torching of Sal's celebrated pizza joint. As the story gets pace, the very environment chuckles with the power of uncertain clashes established in history just as buried in the present. The natives of the area with their own specific mistakes connect with each other, each contributing a little to the rising agitation which brings about possible fire. Lee investigates the foundations for the disaster in his direct and non-critical way, and they will be talked about in detail beneath. The difference between the classes economy-wise, in an undeniably materialistic word is a telling variable that ages the seeds of between racial threatening vibe and hatred. As indicated by Reid (1997), The film investigates philosophical issues that encroach on the monetary (p. 4). For example there is a scene portraying three Black men talking about how the Koreans can figure out how to succeed in their neighborhood, while they themselves have achieved nothing of worth. The inquiry raised here is whether the blacks have been held somewhere around an extremist foundation or their own absence of big business. Anyway there seems, by all accounts, to be no uncertainty in the psyches of the three men. As one character so concisely puts it, It's gotta be cuz we're Black. No other clarification, no one don't need the Black man to be about poo. This specific mentality shows itself in an especially perilous second towards the end when an incensed horde takes steps to torch the market. The K oreans escape by engaging the horde and saying they are likewise Dark which means they have a place with the hapless minority. Subsequently we are additionally made discerning of the way that regardless of all that they have experienced over the ages, the Blacks themselves are not above prejudice. In the mean time Mookie needs to persevere through the consistent provoking of his supervisor's child Pino. The open opposition between the two may have brought about Mookie's tossing of the junk can into the pizza shop - a solitary confounded activity purchased on by concealed damages and the energy existing apart from everything else which releases the anger of the crowd and drives them to rough overabundances. In the expressions of Meyer, The film capably depicts how clashes in the business setting involve and are intelligent of contentions among racial and ethnic gatherings (as refered to in Lovell, 1998, p. 16). Racial issues comprise the

John Stuart Mill Essay Example for Free

John Stuart Mill Essay English scholar, John Stuart Mill, served numerous years as an individual from parliament and worked determinedly to deliver liberal thoughts. Among these thoughts was the differentiation of utilitarianism, or the demonstration of making the right decision for the best number of individuals. However, simply talking about right versus wrong for the majority was insufficient, Mill’s decided there were two types of utilitarianism; act, the immediate structure, or assent, the backhanded structure. Much like proper rationale with deductive and inductive thinking, act and authorization utilitarianism make progress toward a similar objective however have various methods of arriving at it. The two types of utilitarianism are trying to locate the most ideal result for the biggest number of individuals and utilizing that as a proportion of right versus wrong, yet by looking at the distinctions of act utilitarianism and approval utilitarianism, it will turn out to be certain that endorse utilitarianism is unrivaled and all the more effectively feasible. Concentrating on act utilitarianism, this immediate structure works in sayings, growing the difference among good and bad. â€Å"An act is correct and just in its ramifications for human bliss are in any event great as any option accessible to the agent† (9). Consequently, it is your obligation to do the ideal demonstration in a circumstance since something besides the best demonstration is an off-base act. Besides, Mills likewise remarks that it is viewed as a â€Å"righteous† demonstration if the outcomes are similarly as acceptable or superior to some other activity. Remaining inside the thoughts of right or wrong, or when choices appear to generally be alluded to as â€Å"black or white,† there is likewise a perfect of extents to consider. Recollect that the demonstration is correct is if carries joy to the vast majority, yet one is unequipped for satisfying each individual in each circumstance. In this manner, Mills alludes to the â€Å"Proportionality Doctrine† to determine what makes a demonstration right or wrong. The Proportionality Doctrine expresses that demonstrations are correct on the off chance that they advance joy, or acts aren't right in the event that they advance misery. In act utilitarianism, every individual is held to an obligation to consistently settle on the best decisions and play out the best activities. What that does however is â€Å"imply that I foul up each time I neglect to do the absolute best activity, in any event, when the problematic demonstration that I perform is an awesome deed. That may appear to be cruel and excessively demanding† (11). Act utilitarianism is extremely requesting, having to consistently do the best thing constantly. What direct, or act utilitarianism suggests is that on the off chance that you neglect to do the most ideal act, at that point what you did wasn't right, which isn't generally the situation. As opposed to act utilitarianism, authorize utilitarianism permits dim space in the middle of the high contrast ultimatums. Mill’s composes: â€Å"because it causes the rightness and unsoundness of lead to rely on the utility of endorsing that direct somehow or another, we may call it authorize utilitarianism† (11). Here, Mill’s nearly acknowledges that there are circumstances that will never be recognized as spot on and precisely off-base. However, Mill’s additionally battles to let got of act utilitarianism since there for the most part are just two choices. In this way, in a roundabout way, a demonstration is correct if and just if its ideal to apply approvals to its oversight, while applying sanctions is correct if and just on the off chance that it is ideal is an immediate activity. â€Å"The just distinction is that while authorize utilitarianism attaches rightness and misleading quality to acclaim and fault, act utilitarianism does not† (12). There are four kind acts that fall under assent utilitarianism: 1. Wrong of taboo acts are those whose exhibition it is ideal to accuse 2. Reasonable acts are those whose exhibition it isn't ideal to accuse 3. Mandatory acts are those whose exclusion it is ideal to accuse 4. Supererogatory acts are allowable acts that are particularly practical (11) Here, these four moves appear to make on new implications: while obviously taboo acts are ideal to accuse negative responses for (they are illegal for an explanation), it is currently conceivable to see that the fault has a reason behind it since the demonstration caused relatively the most harm. Not at all like demonstration utilitarianism, endorse utilitarianism is clear about which acts are authorized and which ones are definitely not. In correlation, the two types of utilitarianism will in general look for the most ideal result for he most noteworthy number of individuals, yet they have changing degrees of seriousness. Individuals feel that with regards to act utilitarianism, on the off chance that you are not doing the best activity each end each second, at that point whatever else you do is viewed as off-base. Living with the steady dread that all your activities is examined leaves the individuals who practice act utilitarianism dampened and flattened. It is likewise debilitating to must do the best thing constantly and society doesn't normally have the capacity to be a â€Å"hero† each waking second. Doubtlessly endorse utilitarianism is progressively plausible in light of the fact that it advances a more vibe great lifestyle. Your activities are completely determined by a craving to make the best decision, yet in the event that you bomb every once in a while, as long as the aim was there, you are doing okay. â€Å"In contending endorse utilitarianism, Mill’s claims that it permits him to recognize obligation and practicality and guarantee that not every inexpedient demonstration aren't right; inexpedient acts are possibly off-base when it is acceptable or ideal to authorize them† (11). This implies endorse utilitarianism is more ideal and feasible than act utilitarianism with regards to demonstrations of obligation. Along these lines, an individual would consider this to be in authorize utilitarianism as an approach to look for the honest activities while being less requesting than act utilitarianism. Approval utilitarianism is a better option than act utilitarianism since it is adaptable, pardoning and feasible. People are one of the most defective species on earth and with profoundly advanced social governmental issues; it is totally difficult to satisfy everybody simultaneously. Contemplate the very establishment of majority rules system, choosing the most ideal contender for the activity dependent on a crowded vote. On the off chance that everybody were casting a ballot under the premise of choosing the best individual for the most number of individuals, at that point they would all decide in favor of a similar individual. There has never been a political decision where a solitary up-and-comer won each vote, and accordingly it demonstrates that people are unequipped for acting under complete act utilitarianism. Then again, it is acceptable to hold yourself to the best expectations and expect the most out of yourself and imagine that you ought to consistently be doing the best thing. The adaptability of approval utilitarianism is that singular ethics and morals become possibly the most important factor for every individual, permitting them to meander among good and bad finding the best result that might be a mix of the two. Take for example the choice of which school to go to: your character, preferences, abhorrences and more come into thought and keeping in mind that the understudy needs to locate a trustworthy school, they likewise need to discover a spot to call home for a long time. In the event that the understudy picks an inappropriate area, it makes their lives hopeless, their roommate’s life terrible, and the family’s life disheartened. Consequently, the understudy needed to adjust each choice and perhaps give in on notoriety for the best social fit, while under act utilitarianism, they would have picked a school exclusively on notoriety alone since hypothetically, that would lead them to the most ideal result. Likewise, under authorization utilitarianism, if a decision is described and it turns as off-base, another decision can be made to neutralize the principal giving assent utilitarianism a feeling of pardoning. Consolidating these two goals, adaptability and pardoning, authorize utilitarianism reins better over act utilitarianism since it is achievable. While the two types of utilitarianism are looking to locate the most ideal result for the biggest number of individuals, through analyzing the distinctions of act utilitarianism and assent utilitarianism, it turned out to be certain that endorse utilitarianism is prevalent through its achievable characteristics. In act utilitarianism the way for directly over wrong is extremely requesting, expecting somebody to consistently do the best thing constantly. Eventually, what direct utilitarianism suggests is that you bomb when what you did wasn't right, which may not generally be the situation. Not at all like demonstration utilitarianism, authorize utilitarianism is clear about which acts are endorsed and which ones are not, which permits somebody to make progress toward their best yet not hurt them on the off chance that they come up short. Assent utilitarianism is more best and achievable than act utilitarianism with regards to demonstrations of obligation on the grounds that an individual would consider the to be in endorse utilitarianism as an approach to look for the honorable activities while being less requesting than act utilitarianism. While mankind is unequipped for following act utilitarianism, the pardoning incorporated with authorize utilitarianism is liked, since if the decision described turns as off-base, another decision can be made to check the first. Joining these two goals, adaptability and pardoning, endorse utilitarianism gets feasible for mankind and it ascends in predominance over act utilitarianism.

HOW TO Vote For Julian Paul Assange TIMEs 2010 Person Of The Year [ONLINE]

HOW TO Vote For Julian Paul Assange TIMEs 2010 Person Of The Year [ONLINE] Make Money Online Queries? Struggling To Get Traffic To Your Blog? Sign Up On (HBB) Forum Now!HOW TO: Vote For Julian Paul Assange TIMEs 2010 Person Of The Year [ONLINE]Updated On 19/02/2020Author : Pradeep KumarTopic : InternetShort URL : http://bit.ly/2ozhSXs CONNECT WITH HBB ON SOCIAL MEDIA Follow @HellBoundBlogPerson of the Year (formerly Man of the Year) is an annual issue of the United States news magazine Time that features and profiles a person, couple, group, idea, place, or machine that for better or for worse, has done the most to influence the events of the year.Julian Paul Assange is an Australian journalist, publisher and Internet activist. He is best known as the spokesperson and editor in chief for WikiLeaks, an international new media non-profit organization that publishes submissions of otherwise unavailable documents from anonymous news sources and leaks (Details via Wikipedia).Earlier WikiLeaks, faced lots of problems, lost support from PayPal, got their DNS s topped, they are countless indeed, but still Wikileaks is in command. If you believe Wikileaks is a powerful tool publishing useful sources and Julian Assange needs a hike for this, you can choose him as TIMEs 2010 Person Of The Year.#1 Go to Time Magazines Website and find Julian Assanges profile or use this direct link instead.#2 You can find this voting slider, use the slider to rate influence and you can pick slider values 1 50 100, which goes from less influential to most influential. Choose a value and enter the CAPTCHA to vote.READA Brief but Interesting History of VRAfter voting, the slider shows this :You can post your vote to Facebook and Twitter to let others know about it. You can also Like that page and get notified on Facebook when Person of the Year 2010 is announced.Excerpts from Time website,He is a new kind of whistle-blower: one made for the digital age. Those before him (like Daniel Ellsberg) were limited in the ways they could go public with their informatio n. But in founding WikiLeaks.org, Julian Assange gave himself the freedom to publish virtually anything he wants, whether its the true nature of Iraqi prisoner abuse, the double role Pakistan plays in Afghanistan or the personal e-mails of Sarah Palin. Assanges site, which he started four years ago, has made public a trove of secret and classified documents â€" close to 500,000 pages on the Iraq and Afghanistan wars alone.

Training Needs Analysis - 1901 Words

North Australia Hospital Training Needs Analysis Report CONTENTS 1. Introduction.......................................................3 2. Strategic Business Goals.....................................3 3. Training Needs Analysis...................................4-6 4. Assumptions.......................................................7 5. The Training Plan................................................8 6. Conclusion..........................................................9 7. References........................................................10 INTRODUCTION North Australia Hospital was introduced to a hospital-wide, computerised administration system spending $2.5 million on†¦show more content†¦Initially, in the organisational level we will be identifying the current goals of the North Australia Hospital and where they want to head in the future. We will also need to identify what the knowledge, skills and attributes of the hospital are as well as what skills they need for the future. Secondly, in the operational level we will identify the responsibility each team leader and team member has; what their job descriptions are and how they were addressed to each employee. We will analyse each employee’s specified tasks they need to complete during their work hours. Performance standards are a very important part of an organization. We need to know if each employee is up to the organizations performance standards. Last of all, in the individual level we will need to identify the gaps in individuals. We will need to know all knowledge, skills and attributes (KSA’s) required in a job and what the task analysis of key job tasks are. That is the general analysis of tasks crucial to job performance, targets and objectives. We will also need to know if there a general problem with the staff. Such as, do they have difficulties writing, reading, spelling and so forth. Also a competency based analysis is useful as well. This will help us see the capabilities of all staff and they key areas of need. Each level is a crucial part to the training needs analysis and to identifyShow MoreRelatedTraining Needs Analysis2440 Words   |  10 Pages1.0 OBJECTIVE Our objective of this report is to highlight the importance of Training Needs Analysis in an organization. The study is based on BKK Co. Pte Ltd, a major trading company in the Asia Pacific Region. Although there is an existing Human Resource (HR) Department in place, there isn’t much emphasis on the employees’ Training and Development program. Recently there has been an increase in the overall rate of staff turnover, especially noticeable in the Sales Marketing Executives fromRead MoreTraining Need Analysis14680 Words   |  59 PagesLOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY DEPARTMENT OF MANAGEMENT Report on Summer Training TRAINING NEED ANALYSIS Submitted to Lovely Professional University In partial fulfillment of the Requirements for the award of Degree of Master of Business Administration Submitted by: PRIYANKA SHARDA Read MoreNeeds Analysis : An Effective Training Needs Essay1341 Words   |  6 PagesNeeds Analysis Today s work situation requires employees to be expert in performing difficult tasks in an efficient, cost-effective, and safe way. Training is wanted when employees are not execution up to a definite standard or at probable level of presentation. The change between real the actual level of job routine and the expected level of job routine designates a need for training. The identification of exercise needs is the first step in identical technique of instructional strategy. A effectiveRead MoreTraining and Development- Need for Training Analysis4511 Words   |  19 PagesSUBJECT: TRAINING DEVELOPMENT AND THE NEED FOR TRAINING NEEDS ANALYSIS 1. HRD skills or competence that an HRD manager needs and how these skills are acquired. The world is rapidly changing and to be a success, there must be maximum use of all resources (physical, financial, information, and human resources) whether for a nation, organization or individual. After huge investments in the physical, financial and information and knowledge resources, the human resources which comprises the workforceRead MoreHrm- Training Need Analysis1633 Words   |  7 PagesTraining Needs Analysis Purpose A Training Needs Analysis (TNA) is used to assess an organization’s training needs. The root of the TNA is the gap analysis. 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As such, it is through the development of a dynamic TNA that the relevant outcomes, performance gaps, and employee expectations are determinedRead MoreNeeds Analysis (Training and Development)2163 Words   |  9 Pagesyou had conduct needs assessment for a new job at a new plant, describe the method you would use. Simply hiring and placing employees in jobs does not ensure their success. A new joinee needs to be trained fr his job role . I would conduct the needs assessment for the new job at the new plant , using the following processes : Training needs analysis process is a series of activities conducted to identify problems or other issues in the workplace, and to determine whether training is an appropriateRead MoreNeeds Analysis (Training and Development)2178 Words   |  9 Pagesyou had conduct needs assessment for a new job at a new plant, describe the method you would use. Simply hiring and placing employees in jobs does not ensure their success. A new joinee needs to be trained fr his job role . I would conduct the needs assessment for the new job at the new plant , using the following processes : Training needs analysis process is a series of activities conducted to identify problems or other issues in the workplace, and to determine whether training is an appropriateRead MoreTraining Need Analysis and Evaluation of Training Effectiveness13780 Words   |  56 PagesTITLE: TRAINING NEED ANALYSIS AND EVALUATING TRAINING EFFECTIVENESS AT BHEL, HARIDWAR OBJECTIVES: †¢ To assess how the organizational objectives will be realized through the delivery of a staff training programme that will focus on improved and/or changed skills, knowledge and/or attitudes of those directly involved or affected by the ‘change’ †¢ To understand the process and importance of measuring training effectiveness in the organization †¢ To measure the expressed needs of training effectivenessRead MoreOrganizational Analysis And Training Needs Assessment1388 Words   |  6 PagesMany companies, especially small businesses, need to be trained properly in order for the company to be productive and successful. While trying to decide these needs various companies use a TNA, training needs assessment. TNA is an essential assessment that companies should have to see how to train their employees successfully. Organization analysis, task analysis, and person analysis are the three steps required to perform a TNA. Organizational analysis reviews the company’s workplace, ideas, and

Introduction Of Healthcare.gov As A Health Insurance...

The Introduction of HealthCare.gov Introduction HealthCare.gov is a health insurance exchange website operated under the United States federal government under the provisions of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA, often known as Obamacare ), designed to serve the residents of the thirty-six U.S. states that opted not to create their own state exchanges. The exchange facilitates the sale of private health insurance plans to residents of the United States and offers subsidies to those who earn less than four times the federal poverty line. The website also assists those persons who are eligible to sign up for Medicaid, and has a separate marketplace for small businesses. History The federal website HealthCare.gov†¦show more content†¦Additional contractors were hired for security systems, such as Experian for digital identity authentication and Quality Software Services, Inc. (QSSI), a UnitedHealth Group company. According to the GAO, a total of 55 contractors were hired to help build the marketplace. Development Seed started working on the site in March 2013, mainly the home page, over the course of four months until the large contractors stepped in. The firm used Jekyll, a Ruby-based open-source software project that originated at GitHub in 2008 designed to generate static websites. To promote ease of use when publishing content to Jekyll on GitHub, Development Seed created Prose.io, a web-based content editor. Pairing Jekyll and Prose.io enable building simple, flexible, and reliable sites without the overhead of dynamic CMSs. The agency’s work has been commended for using smart underlying technology, a clean responsive design, a developer-friendly API and an open source project. The firm has since removed the HealthCare.gov code from public view on GitHub. 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Why is this cause of disaster so common? Statistics show that schedule delays occur in about 70% of software projects, cost overruns are above 90%, and the time scheduled for large-scale development projects is exceeded by an average of between 20% and 50%. Lastly, the larger the project, the more likely it is that its budget will exceed what was originally planned (JunguangRead MoreBest Practices For Software Engineers1241 Words   |  5 PagesBest Practices for Software Engineers: An Analysis and Assessment of the Healthcare.gov and DIA Baggage System Projects (Draft) I. INTRODUCTION â€Å"Software engineering is the establishment and use of sound engineering principles in order to economically obtain software that is reliable and works efficiently on real machines.†[1]It’s an important discipline that came to light back in the 1960s when many projects regarding software systems’ design and implementation turned out to be disastrous due toRead MoreMedical Insurance and Medicaid 1568 Words   |  6 PagesMedicaid is a social health care program that covers nearly 60 million Americans, including children, pregnant women, seniors, parents and individuals suffering with disabilities. Medicaid is the biggest source of funding for health related services and medical needs for the people with low income in the United States. This program is funded jointly by the state and federal level governments, but it is the state’s responsibility to manage this program. The Medicaid program is not a required programRead MoreThe Patient Protection And Affordable Care Act ( Ppaca ) : Blazing A Trail For Healthier Americans Essay1299 Words   |  6 PagesFOR HEALTHIER AMERICANS Title: The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA): Blazing a Trail for Healthier Americans Introduction In the first quarter of 2016 the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA) legislation has lead to 20 million Americans gaining healthcare coverage, and a record low uninsured rate of 8.6 percent (U. S. Department of Health Human Services [DHHS], 2016). Yet the verdict is out on whether the PPACA has been an improvement or a liability holding backRead MoreThe Patient Protection And Affordable Care Act2043 Words   |  9 PagesIntroduction The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA) has been one of the most controversial laws in the history of The United States. One of the key components of the law is the creation of health insurance exchanges. The states had the option to establish a state managed exchange, partner with the federal government, or let the federal government establish the exchange for them. Several states have opted to let the federal government establish the exchange for them. As of May 28

Stress Can Make Existing Problems Worse - 2132 Words

Social Stress and Health Kasia Tuturice SOC 240 December 9, 2014 Professor: Dr. Jodi Levinthal Stress can make existing problems worse. It is very important to recognize that interaction between the human mind and body represents a critical factor in regarding to health. Illness of any kind disrupts routines and interferes with day-to-day functions, all of which stresses an individual. Stress affects the mind, body, and behavior in many ways, and everyone experiences stress differently. Not only can overwhelming stress lead to serious mental and physical health problems, it can also take a toll on your relationships at home, work, and school. People stress about the minor things (such as screaming kids and barking dogs) as†¦show more content†¦With so many sources of stress, it is difficult to find time to relax. This is why, in my opinion, stress is one of the biggest health problems facing people today. There are various stress related topics. This paper will discuss the â€Å"Unemployment and ill health: a connection through inflammation?† research study article (Hintikka et al., 2009). It will also define the connection between social stress, health and relation to society and daily life as well as how it relates to my life experiences. Article Summary The research article, â€Å"Unemployment and ill health: a connection through inflammation?† revealed that unemployment causes acute and long term psychological stress (Hintikka et al., 2009). The human immune system is weakened by psychosocial stress. According to researchers, any disturbance in an immune system can cause health issues. Poor health, stress symptoms, mental disorders, coronary heart disease may lead to unemployment or be a reason for having fewer employment opportunities (Hintikka et al., 2009). People that are unemployed are likely to develop stress-induced low-grade tissue inflammation. 93 men and 132 women were included in the sample population. After completing a questionnaire, they were asked to disclose personal information which included socio-demographic variables like sex, age, marital status, education. Alcohol usage, smoking habits and physical diseases diagnosed by a doctor was also taken in consideration, as well as

For the Fire Poem Analysis Fom the Authors Perspective Essay Example For Students

For the Fire Poem Analysis Fom the Authors Perspective Essay ‘For the Fire’ poem analysis †¢Some poems I have written in the past such as ‘For the Fire’, ‘Martin and the Hand Grenade’ and ‘Summer Rain’ contain a deliberate, overlying theme. The theme of violence is clearly evident, in ‘For the Fire’ we read about a vicious encounter between a kookaburra and a lizard. In ‘Martin and the Hand Grenade’ a child shows his other class members a grenade, on old weapon of warfare, and I use imagery to create a classroom battle scene. Finally in ‘Summer Rain’ a car crash is depicted. In ‘For the Fire’ the theme of violence is more refined, the theme, is of violence in nature and it is centred around the phrase ‘survival of the fittest’. In this poem strong words are used to help convey the theme some include ‘hacks’, ‘pouting blood’, ‘bones are smashed’ and ‘dead’. †¢Ã¢â‚¬ËœFo r the Fire’ is a poem where I am basically describing a situation I was in. I left the civilised comfort of my home and went outside to gather fire wood. While outside the harshness of nature dawned on me, it was like I had arrived on another plant. The humble kookaburra is normally depicted as a gently animal that seems to laugh at everything from the safety of the tree tops. My perspective changed as I now realised it to must do whatever it can to survive. †¢At the beginning of the poem the mood contains an aspect of loneliness especially when the persona is depicted as being the only living thing in the forest. As the poem continues the mood changes to that of violence and fear, when the scene of a kookaburra attacking a lizard is vividly described. Imagery is used in the poem, in the first and second stanza I wrote ‘Its singular, human thud. No one is there, only the wind through sparse leaves’. Through this technique I get the image of myself standing in a forest and the only sound I hear is the axe I am using to chop wood, but occasionally I hear the soft gust of air weaving through the leaves. This imagery creates the feeling of loneliness amongst the ominous and silent trees. †¢Enjambment is used i n the poem; this is where a sentence runs onto a new stanza with no pause intended. This technique makes the poem run more fluently instead of sticking to the traditional poem structure. †¢Alliteration is used in the poem, this technique usually makes the poem run more smoothly or even make something easier to remember but in this poems case it emphasises the meaning of the words it is involved in. Alliteration can be found in the fifth stanza when I write ‘claws clutching’, this example contains the repetition of the ‘c’ sound which is a consonant. It helps better describe what the lizard is doing and also helps us feel what the lizard is going through as he tries desperately to escape the kookaburras grip. †¢Similes are used in the poem and they help describe a scene by comparing to something we might be familiar with. In the second stanza I wrote ‘through sparse leaves like clockwork’. This technique helps create an image of leaves being gently blown by the wind continuously, like the clicking on a clock. Personification is a technique where a poet gives an inanimate object human like qualities. This helps in imagining what something might look like or sound like. An example of personification is used in the second paragraph when I write ‘the sound drops’. †¢Onomatopoeia is a technique used to make a poem more interesting by using words that describe sounds; an example of onomatopoeia is used in the first stanza. ‘Thud’ is used to help describe the sound made as I chop wood. Th is gives the poem a sense of reality by appealing to our senses of hearing.

Hiring an Effective Staffing Manager

Abstract This paper examines the attributes needed to hire an effective staffing manager, compares human resource planning for a large international bank and for a local police department as well as evaluates the processes behind recruitment effectiveness.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Hiring an Effective Staffing Manager specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Through globalization and the process of outsourcing and offshoring, employee teams are no longer isolated to merely being within the same building, state or country, rather they are now scattered across a wide breadth of countries, regions and business cultures which staffing managers need to take into consideration. It is based on this that this paper will tackle the various characteristics needed in hiring an effective staffing manager, the inherent differences between a local and international organization and how to measure recruitment effectiveness. Hirin g a Staffing Manager When it comes to hiring a staffing manager for an organization, the following are the key skills and attributes I would focus on when deciding on a proper candidate: Capacity to understand the requirements of a job The most important capacity for any staffing manager is the ability to understand the needs of a job versus the type of employee candidates that would apply for it. A job’s requirements are not limited to the skills needed in order to perform it well; rather, they extend to the capacity of an employee to be able to understand the various nuances and key details needed to be able to do a job well. Such an attribute is often gained through experience and, as such, it is necessary for a staffing manager to be able to determine how an employee’s experience correlates into being able to meet the requirements of the job that is available successfully. Being able to create an effective hiring strategy Another of the requirements needed by a sta ffing manager for an organization is the capacity to develop an effective hiring strategy. What must be understood is that most large enterprises have a relatively high churn rate as compared to smaller organizations due to the sheer amount of employees that work there. As a result, it is often necessary to replace a percentage of a company’s employees on a yearly basis.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More An effective staffing manager should be able to examine the staffing needs of the company versus its regular employee churn rates and come up with a hiring strategy that ensures that a constant stream of employees are able to replace those that leave while at the same time ensuring that the company does not hire too many workers. This can help to reduce operational losses as a result of having an insufficient workforce. Other examples of effective hiring strategies that a staffing manager needs to take into consideration are the type of medium they would utilize in order to hire employees. Within the past 15 years the internet has created a means for the HR departments of companies to reach out to a broad selection of employees through websites such as LinkedIn.com. Taking this into consideration, a staffing manager might consider using traditional means of getting prospective new hires (i.e. through newspaper ads) or use the internet, which is far cheaper. The ability to determine which strategy would be the best and most affordable for the company is one of the qualities needed in a staffing manager. Hiring Experience within a Particular Industry In explaining the intricacies in hiring practices, Moeller Harvey (2011) state that â€Å"no two industries are equal† in that a staffing manager in one particular industry cannot be unilaterally placed into a whole different industry and be expected to be able to do their job well without a few years of experience. Moeller Harvey (2011) explain that employee candidates in various fields of expertise each have their own different nuances and unique skills that they bring to the table. However, there are subtle differences in their aptitude that only experienced staffing managers are able to discern and are thus able to place the correct employees in the right teams (Moeller Harvey, 2011). One example of this can be seen in the case of hiring a game designer for a gaming company, there are different specializations that need to be taken into consideration such as an individual’s expertise in the programming language that will be utilized, the platform that will be used for development as well as their knowledge in developing new applications to suit the needs of the company. Due to the various technicalities associated with game development, it would take an experienced staffing manager in this industry in order to determine whether someone is a right â€Å"fitâ⠂¬  for a particular position.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Hiring an Effective Staffing Manager specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More If you took a hiring manager that was experienced in hiring people for call centers and had them develop a hiring strategy for the gaming company that was just mentioned, it is likely that they would put in place ineffective strategies (Guthrie Olian, 1991). It is based on this that when hiring a new staffing manager, it is important to determine how much experience they have within the industry that the company operates in. Comparing Human Resource planning for a large international bank and for a local police department While banks and police departments have a similar need for personnel in order to handle day to day operations, their organizational structure is significantly different, thus necessitating different human resource planning strategies. First and foremost, the org anizational structure of most international banks is more horizontal rather than vertical as compared to a local police department. Vertical organizations, such as police departments are â€Å"militaristic† in their organizational structure since a clear emphasis is placed on the structure of authority and how it results in the distribution of tasks. This can be seen in its use of titles such as captain, chief, etc. wherein a pyramidal structure of authority is implemented with little in the way of horizontal authority and capacity for shared responsibility for particular activities. While banks do have a similar leadership structure, as seen in the case of vice presidents, presidents, CFO, CEO, etc., the fact remains that its organizational structure is more horizontal in terms of task delegation and employee job roles. This can be seen through its various departments, units and resource divisions where there is a certain â€Å"overlap† in terms of authority, operatio nal guidelines and shared practices. Also, the main â€Å"luxury† so to speak for banks is that they can often hire and then train personnel and place them into particular positions. This means that they can source potential employees from a vast pool of potential candidates whereas police departments, with their clear emphasis on rank, cannot practice the same human resource development strategy and have to rely on a limited pool of candidates who have the correct rank despite other candidates showing a greater deal of aptitude and skill for a particular position. Thus, when it comes to human resource planning the main difference is that placement for local police departments is usually based on achieved rank regardless of skill whereas for an international bank hiring practices are based on perceived skill and capacity to do a job regardless of what sort of â€Å"rank† they used to have. Another difference between the two organizations comes in the amount of personne l needed.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More For large international banks, it is normally the case that they would need substantial amounts of personnel in order to keep operations running while the amount of personnel needed for a local police department is usually much smaller. Police departments can usually source personnel from local residents or through graduates of a police academy that is nearby whereas international banks have to take into consideration international locations and source personnel from a wide array of countries. There are also skill specializations that need to be taken into consideration wherein banks often need a more diverse array of employees with skill specializations (i.e. business development, accountancy, customer service, etc.) as compared to a police department that does not have the need to specialize in as many different kinds of operations. The last, and certainly one of the most important differences between the two organizations, is the fact that police departments have two classificati ons of personnel (i.e. civilian and police officer) whereas banks have just one (i.e. an employee). The reason behind this dual method of employee classification is due to the nature of law enforcement agencies (i.e. enforcing social law and imposing order) resulting in the need for civilians to handle the day to day operations as seen in the case of the HR department of most precincts which are composed of civilian personnel. This, of course, creates a far more distinct human resource planning endeavor as compared to banks since the HR department has to balance the needs of the precinct between its police and civilian personnel whereas a bank just concentrates on its one type of employee classification. Evaluating Recruitment Effectiveness When it comes to evaluating recruitment effectiveness, this can be analyzed through: employee churn rates, proper alignment with job requirement, meeting a company’s hiring goals, and job performance (this can be seen through supervisor re ports). Employee churn rates This term refers to the rate of employees leaving a company versus the amount who enter or stay. Based on the work of Hilditch-Roberts (2012), it was noted that churn rates are often a good indicator of effective recruitment practices since it is the responsibility of the HR department to hire people that they know would be able to stay for a significant period of time within a company (5 years or more). The problem with high churn rates in companies is that this can create severe problems in operational performance given the time needed to hire a new employee, train them to be able to do the job properly, and help them integrate into the company culture (Hilditch-Roberts, 2012). As a result of nonperformance within a specified job role (whether managerial, upper management or lower-tier employee), this limits the capacity of a company to be able to provide services or manufacture products effectively. It is based on this that when examining the effectiv eness of the recruitment methods utilized by an HR department within a company, the employee churn rate would be one of the first indicators of either the presence of good policies in hiring employees that would help to raise the operational performance of a company or the presence of adverse policies that result in employees staying for a relatively short period of time (i.e. 1 year or less) resulting in operational losses. Alignment with Job Requirements Another method of evaluating recruitment effectiveness is to examine whether the individual that was hired has the proper skills and experience that are required by the job. As explained by Blasco Pertold-Gebicka (2013), when it comes to examining the effectiveness of the hiring practices employed by a company, it is necessary to determine whether proper care and attention have been made towards aligning an employee’s skills and capabilities with the requirements of the job. Blasco Pertold-Gebicka (2013) go into more deta il in regard to this perspective by explaining that one of the current practices utilized in most companies has been a form of role integration wherein instead of having two employees doing two different jobs, it is often the case that job roles are combined into a single job to save money on employee salaries and benefits. As a result, job requirements often require a more diverse skill set requiring HR departments to implement more stringent hiring guidelines (Blasco Pertold-Gebicka, 2013). Failure to do so often results in reduced operational effectiveness on the part of the employee, which is an indicator of ineffective recruitment practices. Operational Performance of a Company Another means of determining recruitment effectiveness is by examining the overall operational performance of a company based on the adherence of employees to their performance metrics. Within the past decade, one of the ongoing trends when it comes to measuring employee performance and thus their eligi bility to be promoted to different positions within the company has been through the use of metrics of performance (Carter, 2004). These are often numerical based means of measuring the performance of an employee via the amount of work accomplished within a particular period of time, the number of orders fulfilled, the amount of sales made, etc. Basically, metrics can be thought of as a statistically proven means of determining the â€Å"worth† of an employee based on the level of work they do for the company. Woodka (2011) explains that it is the correlation of employee scores based on their rates of performance with the expected level of operational performance set forth by the company that helps to determine whether the company is performing at an operationally adequate level. If the metrics by which employees are measured show that they are underperforming, then this would reflect on the overall operational performance of the company (Woodka, 2011). If there are low level s of operational performance which can be traced to employee performance and not to external factors (i.e. changes in consumer tastes, natural disasters, etc.), then it can be stated that the recruitment practices that have been implemented within the company are ineffective and need to be changed since the employees that have been hired are not performing at an adequate rate by the company’s standards. Examples of instances where this occurs can be seen in the call center industry and the retail industry wherein the statistical basis between employee performance and their expected output by the standards of the company can be seen more easily. Reference List Blasco, S., Pertold-Gebicka, B. (2013). Employment policies, hiring practices and firm performance. Labour Economics, 2512-24. Carter, M. R. (2004). The ABCs of staffing decisions. Nursing Management, 35(6), 16. Guthrie, J. P., Olian, J. D. (1991). Does context affect staffing decisions? The case of general managers. P ersonnel Psychology, 44(2), 263-292. Hilditch-Roberts, H. (2012). A best practice guide for hiring consultants. Strategic  Direction, 28(3), 3-5. Moeller, M., Harvey, M. (2011). Inpatriate Marketing Managers: Issues Associated with Staffing Global Marketing Positions. Journal Of International Marketing,  19(4), 1-16. Woodka, M. (2011). Staffing solutions. A manager’s guide to labor cost management.  Long-Term Living: For The Continuing Care Professional, 60(8), 24-26. This essay on Hiring an Effective Staffing Manager was written and submitted by user Math1as to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Planning and decision making in management

Planning and decision making in management Planning and decision making are among the most valuable foundations on which businesses and organizations are built. For any organization to succeed in its undertaking, it needs to properly plan for virtually all aspects of its operations. The right decisions have to be made by its managers to see the business through successful operations.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Planning and decision making in management specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Since the success of managers is reflected by the welfare of the organizations they manage, it is indubitable that planning and decision making cannot be separated from the practice of management. This paper is a thoughtful reflection of the usefulness of planning and decision making skills, acquired in class, in the practice of management. As an aspiring manager, the ideas I acquired about planning and decision making in organizations will be very useful. This is because t he topic was covered with clear explanations of the usefulness of planning and management in management and it also covered how one can plan well and make right and acceptable decisions. Among the things that will be particularly useful in my life as a manager is the idea that planning and decision making is efficiently done using a bottom-up approach. This is because the use of a bottom-up approach in planning and making of decisions results in decisions that are characterized by sufficient consultation. More importantly, the decisions made using a bottom-up approach are in most cases acceptable to both managers and junior employees (Smith 33). Other issues covered in the topic were equally useful and I am sure I will be applying most of the ideas I got in class, about this topic, in my life as a manager. There are so many new things I learnt about planning and decision making. One of the new things that substantially impressed me is the fact that good managers are able to make dec isions by just listening to their fellow employees (Smith 35). That is, if someone comes with an idea of objection to a given plan, a good manager will listen to him/her and after evaluating the value of the suggestion, approve it or reject it. Since his/her evaluation is assumed to be based on shrewd judgment, the suggestion is, in this case, bound to have a positive effect on the organization. Much of the credit from such success goes to the manager for his/her coordination and leadership skills.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More My realization of the fact that listening to other people’s ideas makes a good manager will be very useful in my life. This is primarily due to the fact that I like putting my ideas across so much that it sometimes interferes with my listening skills. After the course, I am a better manager since I can now start working on my listen ing skills and try to have a positive perspective towards every idea that another person puts across. I now appreciate the fact that to be a good manager, I do not have to do all the thinking and planning work but I should have good evaluation skills for gauging the usefulness of ideas suggested by other people. As it can be deduced from the discussion above, good managerial skills require good planning and decision making. Taking a course that tackles the same is very important since, as students are taught on how to be good planners and decision makers, they are given a chance to evaluate themselves. This is very useful since after evaluating themselves, students are able to perfect their weaknesses as far as planning and decision making is concerned and consequently be good managers. Smith, Jane. Planning and Decision Making. New York. Wadsworth Publishing, 1996. Print.

Voice-overs and Flashback in Film Noir Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Voice-overs and Flashback in Film Noir - Essay Example One of the stylistic features common to many noir films is the use of extraordinary narrative devices like voice-overs and flashback sequences. These structural elements are included to underscore or otherwise complement thematic elements of the film. Flashbacks too became an effective medium of remembering and recreating the past, another significant activity in psychoanalytic practice. Apart from the psychological dimension, voice-overs could also be used to emphasize the eerie or dark tone of noir films. With the right tone, the narratorial voice could easily intensify the feeling of doom and generally dark settings of the typical noir film. Flashbacks were also useful in creating suspense or experimenting with the narrative flow, allowing for creative use of plot. This paper will seek to further explore the role played by these two specific stylistic devices with reference to three films: Double Indemnity (1944), The Big Sleep (1946) and D.O.A (1950). Double Indemnity has a simil ar opening to D.O.A with the film starting in medias res to reveal a harassed-looking William Neff enter his office room and begin recording his ‘confession’ addressed to Keyes on his Dictaphone.. The confession triggers off the flashback which presumably will explain the events that lead up to the murder that Neff has just confessed to. Interestingly, just a few minutes into this flashback and the confession of Neff also appears as a voice-over superimposed over the past retelling of events. This film employs both devices then, to build-up its atmosphere. The first of the flashbacks serves to describe what can already be seen on the screen, but with added detail like how the room smelled and how the sunlight made the dust visible. More importantly, it allows access to Neff’s mind and his initial impressions of Phyllis Dietrichson. This voice-over and the next also let the audience know the level of engagement with the crime that Neff had at the beginning and how the plan to murder Dietrichson is initiated entirely by his wife. However, the voice-over that marks the return of the narrative from the past back into the present, with Neff still at the Dictaphone, reveals to the audience that Neff too had been thinking about committing murder since as an insurance agent he believes: ‘In this business you can’t sleep for trying to figure out all the tricks they could pull on you.’ Other than tell us about who did what in the murder plot, the voice-overs also give us significant insight into the criminal’s mind – in this case, Walter Neff’s. As said in the introduction, this was a period of great faith in Freudian psychoanalysis and the idea of exploring one’s sub-conscious was quite popular. The Dictaphone-taped ‘confession’ acts as catharsis for expunging guilt. This is especially evident when Walter says that although he knew everything had gone off perfectly he still felt that it co uld all go wrong. He claims to not be able to hear his own footsteps; that he was walking like a ‘dead man.’ This is a classic instance of the psychoanalytic notion of guilt becoming the driving force behind a person’s actions and being the ultimate reason for that person to give himself or herself up. The Big Sleep does not use either voiceovers or flashbacks but there are several silences in the plot where Marlowe is seen tailing or waiting for action to happen, which act as narrative ‘fillers’. Insights into Marlowe’s psyche are not spoken or recounted as clearly as in Double Indemnity but as Marlowe’s character is sketched out to be hard-boiled but honest, what he says in sincerity can be taken by the audience to be true. For instance,

Positive and Negative Impacts on International Business Assignment

Positive and Negative Impacts on International Business - Assignment Example These forces include economics, religion and politics. Globalization can corrode and globalize the characteristics and individualities of a local cluster. Globalization is the scheme of interface among the economies and countries in order to develop and grow the global economy. The term globalization has been increased since the mid of 1980s. In the year 200, the IMF have identified four fundamental aspects of globalization, such as dissemination of Knowledge, Trade and Transactions, migration and movement of human beings and capital and investment movements. Moreover, several environment challenges like, cross-boundary air and water pollution, climate change, and over fishing is directly and indirectly linked with globalization. Globalization has able to influence and strengthen the power of several intuitions, such as World Bank, International Monetary fund and World Trade Organization. The global business outsourcing has significantly increased due to the globalization. Several co untries face challenges as they tend to maximize positive outcomes from globalization. They did not bother about the minimization of necessary elements. Due to globalization, the control of consumers over the suppliers from other foreign countries gets weaker. Multinational A multinational corporation is a corporation, which is registered in more than the host country. The multinational corporations both manufacture and sell products and services in various countries (Gitman and McDanniel, 2008, p.52). Moreover, the multinational corporations have business operations in more than one country. The first ever multinational corporation was the East India Company. These multinational corporations play an important role in globalization. Business practices of multinational corporations in several countries can overcome the unemployment problem of the nation. Moreover, it helps to increase the GDP growth rate of a country. Multinational corporations can have exerted controversial politica l and economic power in some countries. As a result, critics have viewed these multinational corporations distrustfully and sometimes seek to have host countries inflict restrictions on them. Accountability is also a challenge for Multinational Corporation. These organizations’ annual revenue over and over again exceeds the Gross Domestic Product of several developing countries. It will affect the financial and economic structure of a country. Glocalization Glocalization is a combination of both the terms globalization and localization. It is a business terminology for the adoption of goods and services to each culture and locality in which it used to sell. This term and process is very much similar to internationalization. This term was first introduced in late 1980 in global market. The increasing restaurant chains in global market is an example of globalization, but the change of menus in several countries in order to attract the people of particular countries is an exampl e of Glocalization (Hesselbach, J., 2011, p.2). Organizations, individuals and households are trying to maintain the social networks that used to combine the long-distance and local interactions. The declaration of particular locality, such as a state or a city or a town is used to consider as a world territory, with rights and responsibilities on a global scale. Before

Different Cultures Coming Together in Tucson Essay Example for Free

Different Cultures Coming Together in Tucson Essay The Tucson Meet Yourself Festival is a great opportunity to familiarize yourself with different cultures, that live right in our city. You get to experience these great cultures that thrive in our community, by sampling the cultures food and watching and listening to their traditional dances and music. There is everything there from Vietnamese, Greek, Mexican, Native American, Chinese, and many more cultures featured at this event. I was lucky enough to get the opportunity to both experience and dance for this festival. I dance for the most well known Hispanic dance company in Tucson, AZ; Viva Performing Arts Center. We have gotten the opportunity to dance at this wonderful festival for the past two years and the audience is always so appreciative to watch what we have to offer, and soak in the culture through our dances. We usually showcase our well known Mexican Folklore dances as wells as our Samba, Mambo, and Salsa. Just by watching the audiences reaction to our dances not only makes me feel like I’m getting my culture out there in a positive way, but proud to be part of the Hispanic culture. After dancing, as a group we go out together into the festival and explore what this event has to offer. We spent most of the day there. It was great to see how well all the cultures adapt together in one setting. Everyone seems to get along so well and it gives the environment such a friendly and happy feel. All the food booths pull you in with the amazing aromas, that make your mouth water. They are set up right next to each other and its like walking through different countries right in Tucson. My favorite foods were the Vietnamese boba slushies and the Greek gyros. I tried to make as much room for all the different foods I wanted to try, but there was just so many it was impossible! This is definitely what keeps me going back every year. The delicious food from the many different cultures.

Philosophy of Education :: Philosophy of Teaching Statement

Philosophy of Education I knew at an early age that I wanted to be a teacher. As a child, my friends and cousins always played school and of course I always had to be the teacher! We had a cinderblock building that we called the "playhouse" and this is where my teaching career began. We would play for hours doing reading, spelling and writing. I always loved to grade the papers. And most of all I had strict behavior rules. Throughout life, even though my teaching career has been on hold, I have worked in various atmospheres with children from babysitting to different types of leadership roles. Mostly being a youth leader in our church has had a lot of various types of teaching skills. Keeping children's motivation level and interest is a difficult task. I have worked with all different ages from preschool through the sixth grade. I truly believe that sometimes a teacher is the most important role a child comes across. The impact that a teacher makes will last a life time. My elementary experiences were wonderful years that I feel have made me into the person I am today, especially my second grade teacher, Ms. Fezer. She was the greatest teacher of all times. She not only had love for her students but compassion to want them to learn and made sure they that they understood the material. She made learning fun and always had a wonderful smile. I hope to run a classroom in the manner that she did. Another great teacher that stands out is my dad. He is a retired sixth grade teacher. He was very strict, but all the children loved him. He made sure that they were ready for seventh grade. Along with teaching respect and manners and he never failed to help any child in need. These children, now grown up still make a point to speak to him when they see him out. Some even thank him for being so strict and making them work hard that they have told him it sure did pay off later on down the road. As a father, he's the greatest and always willing to help .

Non-reactive Techniques, Observation, and Experimentation

In research, the question, hypothesis, research design, data collection strategy, and data analysis procedures are rooted in previous literatures and identified before the project begins. Any changes in the proposed design while carrying out the research would be seen as weakening the validity of the research finding and, well, just bad research practice. An explanatory, also called classical experimental, design is seen as the most robust, since it follows procedures that meet the criteria for proving causality.It identifies independent and dependent variable, required random assignment of research subjects to experimental and a control group so that both groups are the same, describes procedures for manipulation of the dependent variable(s), and requires development of pretest and posttest instruments and time frames. If this design is implemented then threats to internal validity (proving causality) are removed.Descriptive designs address correlational relationships between indepe ndent and dependent variables, usually through large-scale surveys. Samples are preferably random (representative of the population being studied); however, these samples are not manipulated into control and experimental groups but are surveyed in their own settings using valid and reliable data collection instruments developed in advance of data collection. Such designs do not address threats to internal validity, but they are considered to have stronger external validity (generalizability of findings from the sample to the population of interest) than the explanatory design (Morris, 2006).The â€Å"Classical† Experimental DesignAll experimental designs are variations on the basic classical experimental design, which consists of two groups, an experimental and a control group, and two variables, an independent and a dependent variable. Units to be analyzed (e.g., subjects) are randomly assigned to each of the experimental and control groups. Units in the experimental group r eceive the independent variable (the treatment condition) that the investigator has manipulated. Contributors in the control group do not obtain the independent variable handling. Pretest and Posttest measures are taken on the independent variable(s), and the control group participants are measures at the same time as the experimental group, although no planned change or manipulation has taken place with regard to the independent variable in the control group.Researchers often use this design when they are interested in assessing change from the pretest to the posttest, as a result of a treatment or intervention. This design is also known as â€Å"pretest-posttest† or â€Å"before-after† design, to differentiate it from a posttest-only design in which one group receives a treatment, whereas the other group receives no treatment and serves as a control.The key difference in the posttest-only design is that neither group is pretested, nor only at the end of the study are both groups measured on the dependent variable. Some researchers favor this latter design over the classic two-group pre- and posttest approach because they are concerned that the pretest measures will sensitize participants or that a learning effect might take place that influences individuals’ performance on the posttest (Babbie, 2005).Ascertaining Causality between VariablesResearchers challenge to establish cause-and-effect associations linking independent and dependent variables by experimental studies.An experiment characterizes a set of processes to decide the fundamental nature of the causal association linking independent and dependent variables. â€Å"Systematically changing the value of the independent variable and measuring the effect on the dependent variable characterizes experimentation†(Maxfield & Babbie, 2004). Sometimes, the experiment appraises the outcome of arrangements of independent variable comparative to one or more dependent variables. Not co nsidering the quantity of variables considered, and experiment’s crucial purpose challenges to methodically segregate the result of at least one independent variable connected to at least one dependent variable. Simply when this occurs can one choose which variable(s) truly clarifies the happening (Morris, 2006).To conclude causality, science necessitates that an alteration in the X-variable (independent, influenced variable) go before an adjustment in the Y-variable (dependent, variable predictable for change), with suitable deliberation for scheming other variables that may in reality root the relationship. Perceptive in causal aspects in associations among variables improves one’s perception about experimental data.Controlling all potential factors that influence those effects of the independent variable(s) on the dependent variable(s) requires considerable effort, knowledge about the main factors, and creativity (Lewis-Beck, Bryman, & Liao, 2004).ConclusionIn other words, the fact that a dependent variable and an independent variable are strongly associated cannot always be extended to a logical conclusion that it is the value of the independent variable that is causing the value of the dependent variable to be whatever it is.To achieve causality between variables, one must conduct an experimental study about these variables. Oftentimes, investigational outcome are not constant as they come out. Even though field studies supply purpose insight about probable causes for experiential phenomena, the need of full power innate in such study confines capability to deduce causality. Because neither dynamic treatment of the independent variable by the experimenter nor manage over probable overriding factors happen, no assurance survives that any experiential disparity in the dependent variable essentially resulted from difference in the independent variable (Maxfield & Babbie, 2004).References:Babbie, E. R. (2005). The Basics of Social Research. Belm ont, CA: Thomson Wadsworth.Lewis-Beck, M. S., Bryman, A., & Liao, T. F. (2004). The Sage Encyclopedia of Social Science Research Methods. New York: SAGE.Maxfield, M. G., & Babbie, E. R. (2004). Research Methods for Criminal Justice and Criminology. Belmont, CA: Thomson Wadsworth.Morris, T. (2006). Social Work Research Methods: Four Alternative Paradigms. New York: SAGE. Non-reactive techniques, observation, and experimentation In research, the question, hypothesis, research design, data collection strategy, and data analysis procedures are rooted in previous literatures and identified before the project begins. Any changes in the proposed design while carrying out the research would be seen as weakening the validity of the research finding and, well, just bad research practice. An explanatory, also called classical experimental, design is seen as the most robust, since it follows procedures that meet the criteria for proving causality. It identifies independent and dependent variable, required random assignment of research subjects to experimental and a control group so that both groups are the same, describes procedures for manipulation of the dependent variable(s), and requires development of pretest and posttest instruments and time frames. If this design is implemented then threats to internal validity (proving causality) are removed.Descriptive designs address correlational relationships between indep endent and dependent variables, usually through large-scale surveys. Samples are preferably random (representative of the population being studied); however, these samples are not manipulated into control and experimental groups but are surveyed in their own settings using valid and reliable data collection instruments developed in advance of data collection. Such designs do not address threats to internal validity, but they are considered to have stronger external validity (generalizability of findings from the sample to the population of interest) than the explanatory design (Morris, 2006).The â€Å"Classical† Experimental DesignAll experimental designs are variations on the basic classical experimental design, which consists of two groups, an experimental and a control group, and two variables, an independent and a dependent variable. Units to be analyzed (e.g., subjects) are randomly assigned to each of the experimental and control groups. Units in the experimental group receive the independent variable (the treatment condition) that the investigator has manipulated. Contributors in the control group do not obtain the independent variable handling. Pretest and Posttest measures are taken on the independent variable(s), and the control group participants are measures at the same time as the experimental group, although no planned change or manipulation has taken place with regard to the independent variable in the control group.Researchers often use this design when they are interested in assessing change from the pretest to the posttest, as a result of a treatment or intervention. This design is also known as â€Å"pretest-posttest† or â€Å"before-after† design, to differentiate it from a posttest-only design in which one group receives a treatment, whereas the other group receives no treatment and serves as a control. The key difference in the posttest-only design is that neither group is pretested, nor only at the end of the study a re both groups measured on the dependent variable. Some researchers favor this latter design over the classic two-group pre- and posttest approach because they are concerned that the pretest measures will sensitize participants or that a learning effect might take place that influences individuals’ performance on the posttest (Babbie, 2005).Ascertaining Causality between VariablesResearchers challenge to establish cause-and-effect associations linking independent and dependent variables by experimental studies.An experiment characterizes a set of processes to decide the fundamental nature of the causal association linking independent and dependent variables. â€Å"Systematically changing the value of the independent variable and measuring the effect on the dependent variable characterizes experimentation†(Maxfield & Babbie, 2004). Sometimes, the experiment appraises the outcome of arrangements of independent variable comparative to one or more dependent variables. Not considering the quantity of variables considered, and experiment’s crucial purpose challenges to methodically segregate the result of at least one independent variable connected to at least one dependent variable. Simply when this occurs can one choose which variable(s) truly clarifies the happening (Morris, 2006).To conclude causality, science necessitates that an alteration in the X-variable (independent, influenced variable) go before an adjustment in the Y-variable (dependent, variable predictable for change), with suitable deliberation for scheming other variables that may in reality root the relationship. Perceptive in causal aspects in associations among variables improves one’s perception about experimental data.Controlling all potential factors that influence those effects of the independent variable(s) on the dependent variable(s) requires considerable effort, knowledge about the main factors, and creativity (Lewis-Beck, Bryman, & Liao, 2004).ConclusionIn oth er words, the fact that a dependent variable and an independent variable are strongly associated cannot always be extended to a logical conclusion that it is the value of the independent variable that is causing the value of the dependent variable to be whatever it is.To achieve causality between variables, one must conduct an experimental study about these variables. Oftentimes, investigational outcome are not constant as they come out. Even though field studies supply purpose insight about probable causes for experiential phenomena, the need of full power innate in such study confines capability to deduce causality. Because neither dynamic treatment of the independent variable by the experimenter nor manage over probable overriding factors happen, no assurance survives that any experiential disparity in the dependent variable essentially resulted from difference in the independent variable (Maxfield & Babbie, 2004).References:Babbie, E. R. (2005). The Basics of Social Research. Be lmont, CA: Thomson Wadsworth.Lewis-Beck, M. S., Bryman, A., & Liao, T. F. (2004). The Sage Encyclopedia of Social Science Research Methods. New York: SAGE.Maxfield, M. G., & Babbie, E. R. (2004). Research Methods for Criminal Justice and Criminology. Belmont, CA: Thomson Wadsworth.Morris, T. (2006). Social Work Research Methods: Four Alternative Paradigms. New York: SAGE.

Data Extraction Of Knowledge From High Volume Of Data Essay

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